Chalmers Johnson - The Sorrows of Empire - Militarism, Secrecy, and the End of the Republic

Navy SEALS, 69, 115, 124, 129

Nazarbayev, Nursultan, 172

Nazis, 203, 300, 310

NBC, 113, 155, 231

Nea Makri Communications Station (Greece), 205

Nellis Air Force Base (Nevada), 119

neoclassical economics, 260

neocolonialism, 30–31, 207–8

neoconservatives, 70–71

neofascists, 204

neoliberalism, 257, 259–61, 267–77

Netanyahu, Benjamin, 235

Netherlands (Dutch), 74, 263

Empire, 24, 43, 50, 131, 310

neutron bombs, 290

Nevatim Airfield (Israel), 153

“new economy,” 260

newly industrialized countries (NICs), 262

New People’s Army (NPA) (Philippines), 210

news media (press)

Afghan war and, 115

antiglobalization protests and, 275

China spy plane collision and, 88

deception operations and, 299

Grenada and, 114–15

Iraq war and, 115–16, 231, 249, 303–4

manipulation of, 13, 80–81, 114–17

military bases and, 8, 153

military recruitment and, 112–15

sanitized expressions used by, 4

on SOA, 136

Spanish-American War and, 39, 40

special forces and, 128

Taliban and, 180

WW II and, 52

Newsweek, 108, 295

New Yorker, 305

New York Journal, 40

New York magazine, 249

New York Times, 20, 85, 127, 184, 217, 242, 273, 275

New York World, 40

New Zealand, 31, 165

Nicaragua, 11, 17, 34, 75, 128, 192, 193

Niebuhr, Reinhold, 309

Nigeria, 274, 311

Niger uranium claim, 304–5

Nixon, Richard M., 59, 205–6, 223, 236, 265, 284, 295

Nixon Doctrine, 135

Niyazov, Saparmurat, 172, 176

Nobel, Alfred, Robert, and Ludwig, 168

No Child Left Behind Act (2001), 111

nonaligned countries, 258

Noriega, Manuel, 69

North, Oliver, 130

North Africa, 15

Northern Alliance (Afghanistan), 177, 180, 181, 182–83, 229

Northern Command, 121–22

North Korea, 20, 31, 58, 64, 77, 88–95, 202, 288, 290, 310

Northrop Grumman, 57, 63, 135, 240

North Vietnam, 134

Novartis, 271

Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty (1970), 73, 77, 90, 290–91

Nuclear Posture Review (2002), 290

nuclear war, 33–34, 61

nuclear weapons, 64, 77, 94, 97, 124, 163, 291

Bush II and “low yield” or “mini,” 290–91

China and, 83–84, 87, 88

cost of, 56, 265, 306

Japan and, 199, 201

North Korea and, 94

Philippines and, 212–13

special operations and, 129–30

Oakley, Robert, 178

Obrenovic, Dragan, 75

Occidental Petroleum, 311

Office for Global Communications, 299

Office of Defense Trade Controls, 133

Office of National Estimates, 9–10

Office of Strategic Influence, 298–99

Office of Strategic Services, 10, 204, 218

oil, 26, 137

Africa and, 311

Central Asia and Iraq and, 145–46, 215, 226–28, 233–34

imported, 307–8

Iran and, 218, 220, 222–23

military bases and, 151–52, 155, 167–80, 189

Oman and, 250–51

Saudi Arabia and, 218–19, 242

oil crises of 1970s, 259

oil pipelines

Afghanistan and, 176–79

Central Asia and, 167, 170, 172–76, 226

trans-Balkan, 145–46, 155

Okinawa, 6–8, 24, 35, 91, 152, 198–201, 208, 215

North Korea and, 94

rapes by troops in, 6–7, 108

Vietnam War and, 202

Oklahoma City bombing, 121

Oman, 222, 233, 242, 244, 248

military bases in, 24, 215, 250–52

Omar, Mohammed, 231

O’Meara, Kelly, 58

101st Airborne Division, 24

160th Special Operations Air Regiment, 119, 129

1660th Tactical Airlift Wing, 252

Operation Anaconda, 289

Operation Desert Shield, 100

Operation Desert Storm, 80, 100, 147, 198, 225

Operation Enduring Freedom, 113

Operation Just Cause, 69

Operation Northwoods, 301

Operation Urgent Fury, 114

opium trade. See also drug trafficking

Afghanistan and, 177, 180, 181

Indochina and, 134–35

Opium War of 1839–42, 35

Oregon Territory, 191

Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), 62, 219, 250–51

Origins of Totalitarianism, The (Arendt), 283

Orwell, George, 141

Osan Air Base (South Korea), 91

Osirak reactor raid (Iraq), 70

Oslo Accords, 235

Ota, Masahide, 6

Ottoman empire, 50, 257, 310

Outer Space Treaty (1967), 81

“overloans,” 266

Owen, Glen, 110

Owens, Arne, 136

Pacific Command (PACOM), 93, 124–25

Pacific Fleet, civilian visitors to, 117

Pacific Islanders, 103

Padilla, Jose, 293, 294–95

Pahlavi, Mohammed Reza, shah of Iran, 220

Pakistan, 125, 137, 222, 231

military bases in, 173, 182–83, 214, 215, 242

oil pipeline and, 173, 176–79, 182–83

Paladin artillery pieces, 142, 242–243

Palestinians, 71, 72, 133. See also Israeli-Palestinian conflict

Panama, 3, 62, 69–70, 128, 192

Panama Canal Zone, 42, 69, 136, 192–93

Panhellenic Socialist Movement (PASOK), 206–7

Papadopoulos, George, 206

Papandreou, Andreas, 206–7, 211

Papandreou, George, 204, 205

Paraguay, 75

Parameters, 288

Pasni military base (Pakistan), 182

patents, agriculture, 271–72. See also intellectual property rights

Pathet Lao, 134

Patriot Act, USA, (2001), 296–98

Patterns of Global Terrorism (State Department), 227

Patton (film), 112

Pearl Harbor attack, 113, 189, 300

Pearl Harbor (film), 112–13

Pennzoil, 174, 233

“Pentagon Papers, The,” 10

People’s War, 9

Percy, Lindis, 164–65

perestroika, 18

Perle, Richard, 126, 228, 234, 235

Pershing, John J., 47

Persian Gulf, 216, 217–23, 242

Carter Doctrine and, 223

democracy and, 233

Iranian revolution and, 222–23

military bases in, 8, 24, 148, 155, 168, 190, 198, 214, 220–21, 226–27, 233, 237–53, 258

oil and, 253, 307–8

Persian Gulf War (1991, Gulf War I), 3, 21, 100, 141, 144, 219, 221, 225–26, 229. See also Iraq; Iraq war of 2003

cost of, 307

four classes of casualties, 100

MPR, 52

Oman and, 252

payments from foreign governments for, 25

Pentagon desire to finish, 227–28

propaganda and, 230–31

reporters and, 116

Saudi Arabia and, 135, 219, 238–40

troops in, 107

Peru, 263–64

Peterson Air Force Base (Colorado Springs), 121

Pfaff, William, 51

pharmaceutical companies, 256, 271

Philadelphia Inquirer, 128

Philby, H. St. John, 218

Philby, Kim, 218

Philippines, 29, 31, 41–44, 50, 89, 192, 203, 268–69

military bases and, 2, 8, 152, 189, 193, 207–14, 288

Philippines Freedom from Nuclear Weapons Act (1988), 212–13

Picasso, Pablo, 299

Pine Gap (Australia), 162–63

Pinochet, Augusto, 267

“plant replacement value” (PRV), 154, 189–90, 221

Platt Amendment (1901), 41–42

Poland, 280, 301

police

domestic, 107, 119–23

foreign, 204, 133

Polk, James K., 191

Polo, Marco, 168

Pomeroy, William J., 208

Poole, Patrick S., 296–97

“Population Representation in the Military Services” (DOD report, 1999), 102

Portuguese colonies, 190

Posse Comitatus Act (1878), 120–22

Postal Service, U.S., 295

Pouliot, Michael R., 148

poverty, 81, 275

Powell, Colin, 53, 62, 213–14, 227, 228, 236, 247, 289

UN Security Council and, 301–5

Present Dangers (Kagan and Kristol), 228, 235

presidency

expanded power of, 47, 285, 292–96