Chalmers Johnson - The Sorrows of Empire - Militarism, Secrecy, and the End of the Republic

intelligence, 165–66, 251, 303–4

Iran and, 220

Iraq war and, 232, 233, 283, 304

Persian Gulf and, 217–22, 244

U.S. bases in, 8, 56, 164–65

WW I and, 48–50

WW II and, 37, 194

Greatest Generation (Brokaw), 113

Greece, 15, 204–7, 211

military bases in, 152, 189, 204–5

Green Berets, 11, 128, 129, 131, 134, 141

Greeneville, USS (submarine), 116–17

Greenland, 34

Greider, William, 214, 281

Grenada invasion, 114–15

Griffith, Ron, 141

Group of Eight (G8), 181, 275

Group of Seven (G7), 276

Guam, 2, 42, 189, 192

Guantanámo Bay (Cuba), 13, 41–42, 77, 189, 193, 293, 295, 310

Guatemala, 34, 128, 192, 193

Guernica, 222, 299–300

Guevara, Che, 30

Gulf of Oman, 250

Gulf of Tonkin, 301

Gulf War Syndrome, 100–102, 300

“gunboat diplomacy,” 40

Gurkhas, 131, 134

Hahn airfield (Germany), 194

Haig, Alexander, 53, 178

Hainan Island spy plane incident, 87–88, 252

Haiti, 3, 62, 72, 141, 144, 169, 192

Halabja gas attacks of 1988, 225

Haldeman, H. R., 284

Halibut, USS (submarine), 163

Halliburton, 140, 144–45, 152, 233, 308

Hamad bin Issa al-Khalifa, king of Bahrain, 245

Hamad bin Khalifa al-Thani, Sheikh, emir of Qatar, 246–47

Hamas, 298

Hamdi, Yasir Esam, 293, 294

Harding, Warren G., 51

Harris, Jeff, 80

Harvard Law School, 111–12

Hasan al-Bakr, Ahmad, 224

Hastert, Dennis, 57

Hatcher, Patrick Lloyd, 35

Hawaii, 2, 42, 192–93. See also Pearl Harbor

Hay, John, 192

Hayden, Michael V., 161

Hayes, Rutherford B., 120

Hearst, William Randolph, 40

hegemony, defined, 29

Hejl, Thomas, 109

Heldman, Kevin, 107

Hellenikon Air Base (Greece), 205

Helms, Richard, 9

Henry VIII, king of England, 295

Hersh, Seymour, 305

Hertle, Hans-Hermann, 19

Herzog, Jésus Silva, 266

Hewlett-Packard, 224

Higgs, Robert, 308–9

Hill, James T., 279–80

Hill&Knowlton, 230–31

Hindus, 70, 138

Hiroshima and Nagasaki, 28, 290

Hispanics, 103, 104, 110

Hitler, Adolf, 168, 206, 222, 299

Hmong tribesmen, 134

Hobson, John, 28

Hoffmann, Stanley, 287

Holbrooke, Richard, 74

Hollywood films, 112–14

Holy Loch (Scotland), 163

Homeland Security, Department of, 122

Honduras, 128, 192

Honeywell, 224

Hong Kong, 41

Honolulu Advertiser, 116

Howard, John, 283

Hudson’s Bay Company, 31

Hull, Cordell, 52

“humanitarian” aid, 172, 183

humanitarian interventions, 3, 21–22, 71–72, 124, 167, 214, 284

human rights, 72, 170–72, 176, 180, 203, 225

U.S. and foreign military and, 125–26, 132, 133, 136, 137

Hungary, 19

Hussein, Kamel, 302–3

Hussein, Saddam, 11, 101, 126–27, 144, 183, 217, 223–36, 237, 253, 283, 300, 302

Hyundai Engineering and Construction Company, 179

Iberia, 15

Ibn Saud, king of Saudi Arabia, 218

idealism, 47, 51

ideology, 61, 261

“illegal combatants.” See “enemy or illegal combatant”

Illueca, Jorge, 136

impeachment, 306

imperialism (empire)

central political idea of, 257

CIA and, 9–10

civilian casualties and, 28

Cold War and, 32–34

colonization and, 29–30

containment rationale for, 193

continental vs. maritime, 191

decline as result of, 310–12

defined, 28–29

democracy threatened by, 13

disinformation and, 298–303

economic, 5–6, 28, 255–58, 277

extent and roots of American, 1–5

euphemisms, for, 13, 29, 71, 191, 192, 283–84

failed states and, 71

fall of Soviet empire and U.S., 21, 310

fight against communism and, 2–3, 64–65

globalism and, 255–56, 262–77

“humanitarian,” 67, 71–72

idealistic vs. military, 70–72

Iraq war and, 236–37

logic of, and space, 81–83

militarism inseparable from, 30

military bases and, 7–8, 23–27, 37, 151, 152, 187–88, 237–53

Monroe doctrine and, 191

multinational corporations and, 30–31

nineteenth-century, 35–36, 42–43

post-9/11, 3–4, 67–68, 215

recent endorsement of, 67–68

reluctance theme in, 191

sorrows of, post-Iraq war, 284–85

Spanish-American War and, 39–44

superpowers and, during Cold War, 32–35

surrogate soldiers and, 131–49

Theodore Roosevelt and, 51

unconstrained, 67–68

wars tied with, 187–88, 214–15

Wilsonian foundations for, 47–52

imperial overstretch, 13, 310

Incirlik Air Base (Turkey), 240, 252

Independent Institute, 308

India, 181

British Empire and, 50, 70, 81, 82, 134, 138–39, 217

military training programs, 137

nuclear weapons and, 163–64

rice patents and, 271–72

Indian emigrants, 29–30

Indonesia, 65, 131, 137–38, 203, 209

East Timor and, 75–76, 125

economic crisis, 255, 267, 273

Indonesia Petroleum, 179

industrialization, 208, 261, 269

“industrial policy,” 277–78

information warfare, 299–306

Insight, 58

Institute for Energy and Environmental Research, 73

intellectual property, 256, 259, 269–71

intelligence, 1, 124

analysis, as cover, 10

fabrication of, to justify war, 127, 301–6

listening posts and sharing, 161–67

U.S. citizens and, 296–98

intelligence agencies, 3, 12, 18, 32. See also specific agencies

Defense Department, vs. CIA, 126–28

secret budgets, 12, 78–80, 117–20, 312

intelligence estimates, 9–10

intelligence SAP (IN-SAP), 118

Intelligence Support Activity (ISA), 128–29

intercontinental ballistic missile, 290

international agreements, 73–78

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), 89, 90, 304–5

International Charter, Inc., 140

International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, 72

International Court of Justice, 291

International Criminal Court (ICC), 4, 73–75, 256

International Financial Institutions Advisory Commission, 275–76

international law, 22, 24–25, 214, 233, 272, 281, 283, 310

International Military Education and Training Program (IMET), 132, 135–37, 140

International Monetary Fund (IMF), 68, 71, 256–57, 264–69, 273–78

international order

destabilization of, 284, 286–88

trade and, 257

International Peace Operations Association, 141

international security organization, proposed, 71

International Telecommunications Satellite organization (Intelsat), 161

Internet, 297

investment banks, 26

Iraklion base (Greece), 205

Iran, 211, 217, 235, 244, 245, 251, 252

Afghan refugees and, 177

“axis of evil” and, 20, 64, 77

coup of 1953, 167–68, 220

Israel and, 235

oil and, 168, 170, 172–74, 218

as obstacle to U.S. domination, 189, 215

potential war on, 235, 310

revolution of 1979, 222–23, 224

Iran-Contra scandal, 130, 228, 234

Iranian hostage crisis, 123, 128, 222–23

Iran-Iraq war, 224–25

Iraq, 217–53, 290. See also Iraq War of 2003; Persian Gulf War (Gulf War I)

“axis of evil” and, 20, 77

bombing, 280

British and, 70

Bush II and, 88

coup of 1958 in, 223

Israeli raid on, 70

no-fly zones, 232, 233, 240

post-war U.S. bases in, 198, 214, 215, 226, 242

private military companies and, 141

reconstruction contracts, 308–9

Shi’ites and, 224

strategic position of, 217