Chalmers Johnson - MITI and the Japanese miracle

7/627/63

Director, Patent Agency.

7/6310/64

Vice-minister.

11/65-

Executive director and then (5/66) president, Japan Petrochemicals; chairman, Petroleum Committee, Industrial Structure Council.

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Notes

Complete authors' names, titles, and publication data for the works cited in short form are given in the Bibliography, pp. 36780.

One

1. One of the most prominent Japanese economists, Shinohara Miyohei, subsequently acknowledged that he had not always understood or approved of government policy but that with hindsight he had changed his mind. See Shinohara. For the influence of the London

Economist

's book, see Arisawa, 1976, p. 371.

2. William W. Lockwood, "Economic Developments and Issues," in Passin, p. 89; Uchino Tatsuro *,

Japan's Postwar Economic Policies

(Tokyo: Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 1976), p. 6.

3. Arisawa, 1937, p. 4

4. Kindleberger, p. 17.

5. See Goto*.

6. Richard Halloran,

Japan: Images and Realities

(New York: Knopf, 1970), p. 72.

7. Hadley, p. 87.

8.

Consider Japan

, p. 16.

9. Haitani, p. 181.

10. Kaplan, p. 14.

11. Ruth Benedict,

The Chrysanthemum and the Sword

(Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1946), p. 316.

12. Titus, p. 312.

13. See Chen.

14. Hugh Patrick, "The Future of the Japanese Economy: Output and Labor Productivity,"

The Journal of Japanese Studies

, 3 (Summer 1977): 239.

15.

Ibid.

, p. 225.

16. Sahashi, 1972, p. 190.

17. Philip H. Trezise, "Politics, Government, and Economic Growth in Japan," in Patrick and Rosovsky, p. 782.

18. Campbell, pp. 2, 200. Slight Diet alterations of the budget also occurred in 1977 and 1978, during the period of thin majorities for the LDP.

19. Industrial Structure Council,

Japan's Industrial Structure: A Long Range Vision

(Tokyo: JETRO, 1975), p. 9.

20. Roberts, p. 439.

21. On the Three Sacred Treasures, see Shimada Haruo, "The Japanese Employment System,"

Japanese Industrial Relations

, Series 6 (Tokyo: Japan Insti-

Page 344

tute of Labor, 1980), p. 8. For background and bibliography, see Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 1977a.

22. Amaya, p. 18; Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 1972, p. 14.

23. Clark, p. 64.

24. On public corporations and the Fiscal Investment and Loan Plan, see Johnson, 1978.

25. Amaya, p. 20.

26. See, e.g., Richard Tanner Johnson and William G. Ouchi, "Made in America (Under Japanese Management),"

Harvard Business Review

, Sept.Oct. 1974, pp. 6169; and William McDonald Wallace, "The Secret Weapon of Japanese Business,"

Columbia Journal of World Business

, Nov.Dec. 1972, pp. 4352.

27. Allinson, p. 178.

28. Tomioka, pp. 1516.

29. M. Y. Yoshino, p. 17.

30. Ohkawa and Rosovsky, p. 220.

31. Amaya, pp. 969.

32. R. P. Dore, "Industrial Relations in Japan and Elsewhere," in Craig, p. 327.

33. Nakamura, 1974, pp. 16567.

34. See Toda.

35. Hadley, p. 393.

36. Kaplan, p. 3.

37. Boltho, p. 140.

38. Yasuhara, pp. 200201.

39. Louis Mulkern, "U.S.-Japan Trade Relations: Economic and Strategic Implications," in Abegglen et al., pp. 2627.

40. Wolfgang J. Mommsen,

The Age of Bureaucracy: Perspectives on the Political Sociology of Max Weber

(New York: Harper Torchbooks, 1977), p. 64; Dahrendorf, 1968, p. 219; Dore, in Craig, p. 326; George Armstrong Kelly, "Who Needs a Theory of Citizenship?"

Daedalus

, Fall 1979, p. 25.

41.

The Bureaucratization of the World

(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973), p. 147.