Andrew Lobaczewski - Political Ponerology - A Science on the Nature of Evil Adjusted for Political Purposes
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- Название:Political Ponerology: A Science on the Nature of Evil Adjusted for Political Purposes
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- Год:2006
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when we analyze negative psychological attitudes, we always
discern an affirmation which has been repressed from the field
of consciousness. As a consequence, the constant subconscious
effort of denying concepts about existing things engenders a
zeal to eliminate them in other people.
Trustfully opening our mind to perception of this reality is
thus indispensable for someone whose duty is to understand
other people, and is advisable for everyone else as well. Thanks
to this, our mind is rendered free of internal tensions and
stresses and can be liberated from its tendency to select and
substitute information, including those areas which are more
easily accessible to naturalistic comprehension.
~~~
The human personality is unstable by its very nature, and a
lifelong evolutionary process is the normal state of affairs.
Some political and religious systems advocate slowing down
this process or achieving excessive stability in our personali-
ties, but these are unhealthy states from the point of view of
psychology. If the evolution of a human personality or world
view becomes frozen long and deeply enough, the condition
enters the realm of psychopathology. The process of personal-
ity transformation reveals its meaning thanks to its own crea-
POLITICAL PONEROLOGY
67
tive nature which is based on the conscious acceptance of this
creative changing as the natural course of events.
Our personalities also pass through temporary destructive
periods as a result of various life events, especially if we un-
dergo suffering or meet with situations or circumstances which
are at variance with our prior experiences and imaginings.
These so-called disintegrative stages are often unpleasant, al-
though not necessarily so. A good dramatic work, for instance,
enables us to experience a disintegrative state, simultaneously
calming down the unpleasant components and furnishing crea-
tive ideas for a renewed reintegration of our own personalities.
True theater therefore causes the condition known as catharsis.
A disintegrative state provokes us to mental efforts in at-
tempts to overcome it in order to regain active homeostasis.
Overcoming such states, in effect, correcting our errors and
enriching our personalities, is a proper and creative process of
reintegration, leading to a higher level of understanding and
acceptance of the laws of life, to a better comprehension of self
and others, and to a more highly developed sensitivity in inter-
personal relationships. Our feelings also validate the successful
achievement of a reintegrative state: the unpleasant conditions
we have survived are endowed with meaning. Thus, the experi-
ence renders us better prepared to confront the next disintegra-
tive situation.
If, however, we have proved unable to master the problems
which occurred because our reflexes were too quick to repress
and substitute the uncomfortable material from our conscious-
ness, or for some similar reason, our personality undergoes
retroactive egotization,18 but it is not free of the sensation of
failure. The results are devolutionary; the person becomes more
difficult to get along with. If we cannot overcome such a disin-
tegrative state because the causative circumstances were over-
powering or because we lacked the information essential for
constructive use, our organism reacts with a neurotic condition.
~~~
The diagram of the human personality presented herein,
summarized and simplified for reasons of necessity, makes us
aware of how complex human beings are in their structure,
18 Similar to narcissistic withdrawal. [Editor’s note.]
68
SOME INDESPENSIBLE CONCEPTS
their changes, and their mental and spiritual lives. If we wish to
create social sciences whose descriptions of our reality would
be capable of enabling us to rely on them in practice, we must
accept this complexity and make certain that it is sufficiently
respected. Any attempt to substitute this basic knowledge with
the help of oversimplifying schemes leads to loss of that indis-
pensable convergence between our reasoning and the reality we
are observing. It behooves us to reemphasize that using our
natural language of psychological imaginations for this purpose
cannot be a substitute for objective premises.
Similarly, it is extremely difficult for a psychologist to be-
lieve in the value of any social ideology based on simplified or
even naive psychological premises. This applies to any ideol-
ogy which attempts to over-simplify psychological reality,
whether it be one utilized by a totalitarian system or, unfortu-
nately, by democracy as well. People are different. Whatever is
qualitatively different and remains in a state of permanent evo-
lution cannot be equal.
~~~
The above-mentioned statements about human nature apply
to normal people, with a few exceptions. However, each soci-
ety on earth contains a certain percentage of individuals, a rela-
tively small but active minority, who cannot be considered
normal .
We emphasize that here we are dealing with qualitative, not
statistical, abnormality. Outstandingly intelligent persons are
statistically abnormal, but they can be quite normal members of
society from the qualitative point of view. We are going to be
looking at individuals that are statistically small in number, but
whose quality of difference is such that it can affect hundreds,
thousands, even millions of other human beings in negative
ways.
The individuals we wish to consider are people who reveal
morbid19 phenomena, and in whom mental deviations and
anomalies of various qualities and intensities can be observed.
Many such people are driven by internal anxieties: they search
for unconventional paths of action and adjustment to life with a
19 Diseased; caused by or altered by or manifesting disease or pathology.
[Editor’s note.]
POLITICAL PONEROLOGY
69
certain characteristic hyperactivity. In some cases, such activity
can be pioneering and creative, which ensures societal toler-
ance for some of these individuals. Some psychiatrists, espe-
cially Germans, have praised such people as embodying the
principal inspiration for the development of civilization; this is
a damagingly unilateral view of reality. Laymen in the field of
psychopathology frequently gain the impression that such per-
sons represent some extraordinary talents. This very science,
however, then goes on to explain that these individuals’ hyper-
activity and sense of being exceptional are derived from their
drive to overcompensate for a feeling of some deficiency. This
aberrant attitude results in the obscuration of the truth: that
normal people are the richest of all.
The fourth chapter of the book contains a concise descrip-
tion of some of these anomalies, their causes, and the biologi-
cal reality, selected in such a way as to facilitate comprehen-
sion of this work as a whole. Other data are distributed
throughout many specialized works that will not be included
here. However, we must consider the overall shape of our
knowledge in this area, which is so basic to our understanding
of, and practical solutions to, many difficult problems of social
life, is unsatisfactory. Many scientists treat this area of science
as being peripheral; others consider it “thankless” because it
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