William Shakespeare - The Winter’s Tale

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HarperCollins is proud to present its incredible range of best-loved, essential classics.Considered one of Shakespeare’s most haunting tragic-comedies, The Winter’s Tale is an in-depth analysis of the psychology of family and friendship, jealousy and love, art and nature, all illustrated in rich poetry.Based on Robert Greene’s story Pandosto, the play tells the story of Leontes, king of Sicilia, and his childhood friend, Polixenes, king of Bohemia. In a jealous rage, Leontes mistakenly accuses Polixenes and his own his wife, Hermione, of adultery and her newborn daughter as illegitimate, casting her into the wilderness, causing their son to die of grief and Hermione to seemingly follow suit. With his family dead or believed dead, Leontes must face the tragic consequences of his actions. With unbridled honesty and the pain of love, the final act is one of Shakespeare’s most moving reconciliation scenes.

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Shakespeare: A Timeline

Very little indeed is known about Shakespeare’s private life; the facts included here are almost the only indisputable ones. The dates of Shakespeare’s plays are those on which they were first produced.

1558 Queen Elizabeth crowned.
1561 Francis Bacon born.
1564 Christopher Marlowe born. William Shakespeare born, April 23rd, baptized April 26th.
1566 Shakespeare’s brother, Gilbert, born.
1567 Mary, Queen of Scots, deposed. James VI (later James I of England) crowned King of Scotland.
1572 Ben Jonson born. Lord Leicester’s Company (of players) licensed; later called Lord Strange’s, then the Lord Chamberlain’s and fi nally (under James) the King’s Men.
1573 John Donne born.
1574 The Common Council of London directs that all plays and playhouses in London must be licensed.
1576 James Burbage builds the first public playhouse, The Theatre, at Shoreditch, outside the walls of the City.
1577 Francis Drake begins his voyage round the world (completed 1580). Holinshed’s Chronicles of England, Scotland and Ireland published (which Shakespeare later used extensively).
1582 Shakespeare married to Anne Hathaway.
1583 The Queen’s Company founded by royal warrant. Shakespeare’s daughter, Susanna, born.
1585 Shakespeare’s twins, Hamnet and Judith, born.
1586 Sir Philip Sidney, the Elizabethan ideal ‘Christian knight’, poet, patron, soldier, killed at Zutphen in the Low Countries.
1587 Mary, Queen of Scots, beheaded. Marlowe’s Tamburlaine (Part I) first staged.
1588 Defeat of the Spanish Armada. Marlowe’s Tamburlaine (Part II) first staged.
1589 Marlowe’s Jew of Malta and Kyd’s Spanish Tragedy (a ‘revenge tragedy’ and one of the most popular plays of Elizabethan times).
1590 Spenser’s Faerie Queene (Books I–III) published.
1592 Marlowe’s Doctor Faustus and Edward II first staged. Witchcraft trials in Scotland. Robert Greene, a rival playwright, refers to Shakespeare as ‘an upstart crow’ and ‘the only Shake-scene in a country’. Titus Andronicus Henry VI, Parts I, II and III Richard III
1593 London theatres closed by the plague. Christopher Marlowe killed in a Deptford tavern. Two Gentlemen of Verona Comedy of Errors The Taming of the Shrew Love’s Labour’s Lost
1594 Shakespeare’s company becomes The Lord Chamberlain’s Men. Romeo and Juliet
1595 Raleigh’s first expedition to Guiana. Last expedition of Drake and Hawkins (both died). Richard II A Midsummer Night’s Dream
1596 Spenser’s Faerie Queene (Books IV–VI) published. James Burbage buys rooms at Blackfriars and begins to convert them into a theatre. King John The Merchant of Venice Shakespeare’s son Hamnet dies. Shakespeare’s father is granted a coat of arms.
1597 James Burbage dies, his son Richard, a famous actor, turns the Blackfriars Theatre into a private playhouse. Henry IV (Part I) Shakespeare buys and redecorates New Place at Stratford.
1598 Death of Philip II of Spain Henry IV (Part II) Much Ado About Nothing
1599 Death of Edmund Spenser. The Globe Theatre completed at Bankside by Richard and Cuthbert Burbage. Henry V Julius Caesar As You Like It
1600 Fortune Theatre built at Cripplegate. East India Company founded for the extension of English trade and influence in the East. The Children of the Chapel begin to use the hall at Blackfriars. Merry Wives of Windsor Troilus and Cressida
1601 Hamlet
1602 Sir Thomas Bodley’s library opened at Oxford. Twelfth Night
1603 Death of Queen Elizabeth. James I comes to the throne. Shakespeare’s company becomes The King’s Men. Raleigh tried, condemned and sent to the Tower
1604 Treaty of peace with Spain Measure for Measure Othello All’s Well that Ends Well
1605 The Gunpowder Plot: an attempt by a group of Catholics to blow up the Houses of Parliament.
1606 Guy Fawkes and other plotters executed. Macbeth King Lear
1607 Virginia, in America, colonized. A great frost in England. Antony and Cleopatra Timon of Athens Coriolanus Shakespeare’s daughter, Susanna, married to Dr. John Hall.
1608 The company of the Children of the Chapel Royal (who had performed at Blackfriars for ten years) is disbanded. John Milton born. Notorious pirates executed in London. Richard Burbage leases the Blackfriars Theatre to six of his fellow actors, including Shakespeare. Pericles, Prince of Tyre
1609 Shakespeare’s Sonnets published.
1610 A great drought in England Cymbeline
1611 Chapman completes his great translation of the Iliad , the story of Troy. Authorized Version of the Bible published. A Winter’s Tale The Tempest
1612 Webster’s The White Devil first staged. Shakespeare’s brother, Gilbert, dies.
1613 Globe theatre burnt down during a performance of Henry VIII (the fi ring of small cannon set fi re to the thatched roof). Webster’s Duchess of Malfi first staged. Henry VIII Two Noble Kinsmen Shakespeare buys a house at Blackfriars.
1614 Globe Theatre rebuilt in ‘far finer manner than before’.
1616 Ben Jonson publishes his plays in one volume. Raleigh released from the Tower in order to prepare an expedition to the gold mines of Guiana. Shakespeare’s daughter, Judith, marries Thomas Quiney. Death of Shakespeare on his birthday, April 23rd.
1618 Raleigh returns to England and is executed on the charge for which he was imprisoned in 1603.
1623 Publication of the Folio edition of Shakespeare’s plays Death of Anne Shakespeare (née Hathaway).

Life & Times

William Shakespeare the Playwright

There exists a curious paradox when it comes to the life of William Shakespeare. He easily has more words written about him than any other famous English writer, yet we know the least about him. This inevitably means that most of what is written about him is either fabrication or speculation. The reason why so little is known about Shakespeare is that he wasn’t a novelist or a historian or a man of letters. He was a playwright, and playwrights were considered fairly low on the social pecking order in Elizabethan society. Writing plays was about providing entertainment for the masses – the great unwashed. It was the equivalent to being a journalist for a tabloid newspaper.

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