Michael J. Neal - Medical Pharmacology at a Glance

2 James M. Ritter, Rod J. Flower, Graeme Henderson, Yoon Kong Loke, David MacEwan, & Humphrey P. Rang (2000) Rang and Dales Pharmacology, 9th edition, Churchill, Livingstone, Edinburgh (789 pp).

3 Morris J. Brown, Pankaj Sharma, Fraz A. Mir & Peter N. Bennett (2019) Clinical Pharmacology, 12th edition Churchill, Livingstone, Edinburgh (706 pages).

5HT 5‐hydroxytryptamine, serotonin ACE angiotensin‐converting enzyme ACh acetylcholine ACTHadrenocorticotrophic hormone ADH antidiuretic hormone ADP adenosine diphosphate AIDSacquired immune deficiency syndrome AF atrial fibrillation ARB angiotensin receptor blocker ART antiretroviral therapy BP blood pressure cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate cGMPcyclic guanosine monophosphate COMT catechol‐O‐methyltransferase COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease COX cyclo‐oxygenase CSF cerebrospinal fluid CNS central nervous system CYP cytochrome ECF extra cellular fluid ECG electrocardiogram ECT electroconvulsive therapy FSH follicle‐stimulating hormone GABAγ ‐aminobutyric acid GDP guanosine diphosphate GFR glomerular filtration rate GTN glyceryl trinitrate GTP guanosine triphosphate HIV human immunodeficiency virus HMG‐CoA 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A IgA, E, G, M immunoglobulin A, E, G, M Il‐1b or 6 interleukin‐1 beta or 6 IP3 inositol triphosphate IOP intraocular pressure K el elimination rate LDL low‐density lipoprotein LSD lysergic acid diethylamide MAO monoamine oxidase NO nitric oxide NOS nitric oxide synthase NE/NA norepinephrine/noradrenaline PCI percutaneous coronary intervention PET positron emission tomography SAN sinoatrial node SSRIs selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors T1/T2 mono/di‐iodothyronine TCAs tricyclic antidepressants T3 tri‐iodothyronine T4 thyroxine TNF tumour necrosis factor TSH thyroid‐stimulating hormone TXA 2 thromboxane‐A 2 VLDL very‐low‐density lipoprotein VT ventricular tachycardia

Mydriatics and cycloplegics, e.g. tropicamide, cyclopentolate. Glaucoma, e.g. latanoprost, timolol. Age‐related macular degeneration (AMD), e.g. ranibizumab, bevacizumab.

Asthma β‐agonists, e.g. salbutamol. Corticosteroids, e.g. inhaled beclomethasone. Muscarinic antagonist, e.g. ipratropium. Antihistamines, e.g. fexofenadine, cetirizine, chlorphenamine. Anaphylaxis, e.g. epinephrine, oxygen, chlorphenamine, hydrocortisone.

Peptic ulcer, reflux oesophagitis, e.g. ranitidine, omeprazole, lansoprazole, misoprostol. Diarrhoea, e.g. loperamide, codeine. Inflammatory bowel disease, e.g. prednisolone, sulfasalazine, azathioprine. Constipation, e.g. senna, lactulose. Antispasmodics, e.g. hyoscine butylbromide, mebeverine.

Hypertension: thiazide diuretics, e.g. bendroflumethiazide. ACE inhibitors, e.g. ramipril. ARBs, e.g. losartan. Calcium antagonists, e.g. amlodipine. Angina, e.g. glyceryl trinitrate, isosorbide mononitrate. β‐Blockers, e.g. bisoprolol. Calcium antagonists, e.g. amlodipine. Arrhythmias, e.g. adenosine, verapamil, digoxin, amiodarone. Chronic heart failure: ACE inhibitors, e.g. ramipril, lisinopril. ARBs, e.g. losartan, candesartan. β‐Blockers, e.g. carvedilol. Aldosterone antagonists, e.g. spironolactone, digoxin. Loop diuretics, e.g. furosemide. Anticoagulants, e.g. heparin, dalteparin, warfarin, dabigatran. Antiplatelet drugs, e.g. aspirin, clopidogrel, tirofiban, prasugrel. Thrombolytics, e.g. alteplase. Lipid‐lowering drugs: statins, e.g. simvastatin, atorvastatin.

Local anaesthetics, e.g. lidocaine, bupivacaine. General anaesthetics: intravenous, e.g. propofol. I nhalational, e.g. isoflurane, sevoflurane. Neuromuscular‐blocking drugs, e.g. suxamethonium, rocuronium. Premedication, e.g. diazepam, hyoscine, morphine. Anxiolytics, e.g. diazepam. Hypnotics, e.g. temazepam, zopiclone. Anticonvulsants, e.g. carbamazepine, valproate, lamotrigine, ethosuximide. Parkinson’s disease, e.g. levodopa, ropinirole, pramipexol. Antipsychotics, e.g. chlorpromazine, clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine. Antidepressants: SSRIs, e.g. citalopram, fluoxetine. Tricyclics, e.g. amitriptyline, lithium. Opioid analgesics, e.g morphine, diamorphine, fentanyl. NSAIDs, e.g. aspirin, ibuprofen, diclofenac, celecoxib. Antiemetics: dopamine antagonists, e.g. domperidone. Antihistamines, e.g. cyclizine, cinnarizine. 5HT 3 antagonists, e.g. ondansetron. Dependence: depressants, e.g. alcohol, barbiturates, morphine, diamorphine (heroin). Stimulants, e.g. cocaine, amphetamine, nicotine, cannabis, LSD.