Autoimmune Liver Disease

We have been pleased to edit this volume which we hope will not only provide a balanced and comprehensive background to the pathological and clinical aspects of AILD but also stimulate further research to provide effective therapies. We are indebted to the authors who have worked so hard to summarize complex fields. They represent some of the world leaders in this area and we are grateful to them for their time. We know there is some overlap and minor conflicts between chapters but we have retained these as we would like chapters to be comprehensive and self‐contained.

We would also like to thank Deirdre Barry, Yogalakshmi Mohanakrishnan and Baskar Anandraj at Wiley for their support, patience and editorial skills and, most importantly, our families who have been patient during this time.

Finally, we thank you for reading this volume and hope you find it stimulating and provoking. Whilst autoimmune liver diseases are rare, they are impactful, and every opportunity to raise awareness, standards and knowledge is an opportunity for better patient care.

James Neuberger

Gideon M. Hirschfield

Eleanor Barnes PhD, FRCP, F Med SciProfessor of Hepatology and Experimental Medicine, Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford; and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK

Kirsten Muri Boberg MD, PhDProfessor Norwegian PSC Research Center and Section for Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet; and Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway

Marco Carbone MD, PhDClinical Lecturer in Gastroenterology, Program for Autoimmune Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy

Olivier Chazouillères MDDirector Department of Hepatology, AP‐HP, Hôpital Saint‐Antoine, Service d’Hépatologie; Reference Center for Inflammatory Biliary Diseases and Autoimmune Hepatitis; INSERM, UMR‐S 938, CDR Saint‐Antoine; and Sorbonne Université, Paris, France

Emma L. Culver PhD, MRCPConsultant Hepatologist and Senior Lecturer, Translational Gastroenterology Unit, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford; and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK

M. Eric Gershwin MD, MACR, MACPDistinguished Professor of Medicine, Chief, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The Jack and Donald Endowed Professor, University of California School of Medicine, Davis, California, USA

Alessio Gerussi MDResearch Fellow, Division of Gastroenterology, University of Milan Bicocca, Milan, Italy

Núria Guañabens MDProfessor of Medicine, University of Barcelona; and Senior Consultant Physician, Department of Rheumatology, Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain

Aliya Gulamhusein MD, MPHToronto Centre for Liver Diseases, Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network; and Division of Gastroenterology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Peter C. Hayes MBChB, BMSc, MD, PhDHead of Department, Professor of Medicine and Consultant Physician, Department of Hepatology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

Michael A. Heneghan MD, MMedSc, FRCPIClinical Director for Liver Services and Consultant Hepatologist and Professor of Hepatology, Institute of Liver Studies, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK

David Jones MD, PhD, OBEDean for the NIHR Academy, Professor of Liver Immunology, Newcastle University; and Honorary Consultant Hepatologist, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK

Patrick S.C. Leung PhDDepartment of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Ying Qi (Tammy) Li BScDivision of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Andrew L. Mason MBBS, FRCPI, FAASLDProfessor of Medicine, and Director of the Applied Genomic Core, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Patrick McKiernan MDChildren’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

George F. Mells PhD, MRCPSenior Lecturer, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, and Academic Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK

Giorgina Mieli‐Vergani MD, PhD, FRCP, FRCPCH, FAASLDEmeritus Professor of Paediatric Hepatology, Honorary Consultant Paediatric Liver, GI & Nutrition Centre, Mowat Labs, King’s College London Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine at King’s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK

Piotr Milkiewicz MD, DSc, MRCP(UK)Professor of Medicine/Consultant Physician, Head, Liver and Internal Medicine Unit, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland

Carlos Moctezuma‐Velázquez MDMount Sinai Liver Cancer Program, Division of Liver Diseases, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA Division of Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Aldo J. Montano‐Loza MD, PhDDivision of Gastroenterology and Liver Unit, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

Albert Parés MDProfessor of Medicine, University of Barcelona; and Senior Consultant Physician, Liver Unit, Hospital Clínic, Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Barcelona, Spain

Marcus C. Robertson MD, PhD, FRACPGastroenterologist and Hepatologist, Monash Health, Melbourne; and Adjunct Senior Lecturer, Monash University Department of Medicine, Clayton, Australia

Isaiah G. Roepe BSMedical Student, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA

Mario Strazzabosco MD, PhDProfessor of Medicine; Clinical Program Leader, Liver Cancer Program; and Deputy Director, Yale Liver Center, Digestive Disease Section, Yale Liver Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA

Atsushi Tanaka MDAssociate Professor, Department of Medicine, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

Benedetta Terziroli Beretta‐Piccoli MDEpatocentro Ticino, Via Soldino 5, 6900 Lugano, Switzerland Institute of Liver Studies, Mowat Labs, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK

Eleni Theocharidou MSc, PhDSenior Clinical Fellow, Institute of Liver Studies, King’s College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Denmark Hill, London, UK

Diego Vergani MD, PhD, FRCP, FRCPath, FAASLDEmeritus Professor of Liver Immunopathology, Honorary Consultant, Institute of Liver Studies, Mowat Labs, King’s College London Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine at King’s College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK

Mette Vesterhus MD, PhDConsultant Physician, Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Medicine and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo; and Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway