Autoimmune Liver Disease

3 Chapter 4Table 4.1 Clinical significance of anti‐nuclear antibody in autoimmune liver ...Table 4.2 Main features of the liver‐relevant autoimmune serologic specificit...

4 Chapter 5Table 5.1 Bacteria linked with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) and the deve...Table 5.2 Comparison of environmental factors linked with PBC.

5 Chapter 6Table 6.1 Clinical Presentation of autoimmune hepatitis in adults and childre...Table 6.2 Revised Original Scoring System of the International Autoimmune Hep...

6 Chapter 7Table 7.1 Symptoms and signs in PBC.Table 7.2 Biochemical response criteria for risk stratification in UDCA‐treat...

7 Chapter 8Table 8.1 Differences between adult primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) and ...

8 Chapter 9Table 9.1 Disease nomenclature that forms part of the IgG4‐RD spectrum and ta...Table 9.2 HISORt acriteria for AIP.Table 9.3 The Comprehensive Diagnostic Criteria for all manifestations of IgG...Table 9.4 The Boston consensus criteria for the histologic diagnosis (generic...

9 Chapter 10Table 10.1 Possible causes of seronegative acute liver failure.Table 10.2 King's College criteria for liver transplantation in ALF.Table 10.3 Clichy criteria for selection of ALF patients for liver transplant...Table 10.4 Refined UK listing criteria for super‐urgent liver transplantation...Table 10.5 Potential causes of cryptogenic cirrhosis.Table 10.6 Features on liver biology/histology that may suggest an underlying...

10 Chapter 11Table 11.1 Pregnancy outcomes in women with autoimmune hepatitis.Table 11.2 Impact of pregnancy on liver disease.Table 11.3 Cases of de novo autoimmune hepatitis during pregnancy or postpartu...Table 11.4 Drug safety in pregnancy.Table 11.5 Practical management of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in pregnancy.

11 Chapter 12Table 12.1 Prevalence of osteoporosis and fractures according to the severity...Table 12.2 Risk factors for bone loss.Table 12.3 Effect of different oral bisphosphonates on lumbar spine and femor...

12 Chapter 13Table 13.1 Diagnostic criteria for recurrence autoimmune liver diseases after...Table 13.2 Frequency and risk factors for recurrence of autoimmune liver dise...

13 Chapter 14Table 14.1 Patient and graft survival at 5 and 10 years after LT in PBC, PSC ...Table 14.2 Incidence and time to recurrence of PBC after LT.Table 14.3 Incidence and risk factors of recurrence of PSC after LT.Table 14.4 Incidence and risk factors of recurrence of AIH after LT.

14 Chapter 15Table 15.1 Features of autoimmune liver diseases.Table 15.2 Proposed criteria for diagnosis of overlap syndrome.

15 Chapter 16Table 16.1 The most frequent EHAIDs in patients with AILDs.Table 16.2 Differences between SLE‐associated hepatitis and autoimmune hepati...Table 16.3 Initial serologic investigation for suspicion of EHAIDs in AILDs.

16 Chapter 17Table 17.1 Stepwise approach to the management of pruritus in PSC or PBC.Table 17.2 Stepwise approach to the management of fatigue in PBC.

1 Chapter 1 Figure 1.1 Transcriptional regulation of hepatocellular bile formation. Expr... Figure 1.2 Enterohepatic circulation of bile acids (BAs). After hepatic synt... Figure 1.3 Stem/progenitor cell niches in the human biliary tree. Canals of ...

2 Chapter 2 Figure 2.1 Interaction of factors required for generation of autoimmune dise... Figure 2.2 Adaptive immune responses generate multiple mechanisms of cytotox...

3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 LocusZoom plot of the PBC risk locus 16p13.13, illustrating that,...

4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Diluted patient serum is incubated with triple rodent tissue sect...Figure 4.2 ELISA (enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay) as an example of a soli...Figure 4.3 Immune serology in autoimmune hepatitis: ANA, anti‐nuclear antibo...Figure 4.4 Immune serology in primary biliary cholangitis: AMA, anti‐mitocho...Figure 4.5 Diagnostic algorithm for autoimmune liver serology based on indir...

5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Models of microbial induction of autoimmune responses to pyruvate...Figure 5.2 Model for loss of tolerance to PDC‐E2 and PBC pathogenesis. (a) I...Figure 5.3 Primary biliary epithelial cells (BEC) develop the mitochondrial ...Figure 5.4 Immunochemistry studies show betaretrovirus proteins in the same ...

6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 A and B.Panel A ‐ Histologic depiction of marked chronic portal ...Figure 6.2 Suggested treatment algorithm for management of autoimmune hepati...

7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Photomicrograph of stage 2 PBC.(a) Mononuclear inflammatory cell...Figure 7.2 Probability of remaining free of extensive fibrosis or cirrhosis ...Figure 7.3 Kaplan–Meier plot for survival according to Paris I criteria. Kap...Figure 7.4 Relationship between age at diagnosis and the probability of UDCA...Figure 7.5 Flowchart showing the guideline‐supported, response‐guided approa...Figure 7.6 Practical approach to drug management of most relevant symptoms i...

8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 (a) Endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) in a patient with...Figure 8.2 Liver histology in PSC showing a portal field with bile duct chan...Figure 8.3 Dense portal tract inflammatory infiltrate comprising lymphocyte ...

9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 IgG4‐related AIP histology at low power ( left ) showing an IgG imm...Figure 9.2 Imaging changes typical in IgG4‐related hepatobiliary disease sho...

10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Proposed algorithm to diagnose autoimmune liver diseases in pati...

11 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 (a) The diagnosis of osteoporosis is based on densitometric crit...Figure 12.2 (a) Pathogenesis of osteoporosis in primary biliary cholangitis....Figure 12.3 Diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in primary biliary chol...Figure 12.4 Percentage changes in lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) with res...

12 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Strategies to reduce the risk of autoimmune liver disease recurr...

13 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 Overlap syndromes of the classical autoimmune liver diseases. PB...Figure 15.2 Distribution and degree of interface hepatitis across the spectr...Figure 15.3 Histologic features of PBC/AIH overlap syndrome in a 38‐year‐old...

14 Chapter 16Figure 16.1 Phenotypic features of (a) PSC‐related ulcerative colitis compar...

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