Tapas K. Das - Industrial Environmental Management

Example 2.3

National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) are not promulgated by EPA for which of the following pollutants?

1 Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)

2 Sulfur dioxide (SO2)

3 Mercury

4 Ozone

Primary NAAQS are established to

1 protect children from toxic air pollutants

2 protect the public welfare, including protection against decreased visibility, damage to animals, crops, vegetation, and buildings

3 protect the public health, including the health of “sensitive” populations such as asthmatics, children, and the elderly

4 both B and C

A waste is determined to be characteristically toxic under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) if

1 the waste contains specific compounds at greater than threshold concentrations

2 it is determined that chemicals in the waste are bioaccumulative, toxic, and persistent in the environment

3 leachate from the waste contains specific compounds at greater than threshold concentrations

4 exposure to the waste causes adverse health effects in laboratory animals

The leachability of specific compounds at greater than threshold concentration determines whether a waste is characteristically RCRA hazardous for toxicity.

Under Superfund legislation, a company can be held liable for all costs associated with remediation of a contaminated site.

1 Only if the company disposed of wastes at the site illegally

2 Only if the company is solely responsible for contaminated at the site

3 Only if the company disposed of waste at the site illegally and is solely responsible for contamination at the site

4 If the company disposed of wastes at the site legally and contributed only a small fraction of wastes disposed of at the site

The strict, joint, and several provisions of the Superfund legislation mean that a company might be held responsible for all of the cleanup costs associated with a site, even if the company's activities were legal and contributed only a small fraction of the contamination at the site.

ISO 14000 refers to a set of voluntary standards that include

1 worker safety standards

2 specific techniques for monitoring and sampling

3 standards for environmental management systems

4 concentrations of pollutants that are allowed after site remediation is completed

ISO 14000 includes standards for environmental management systems.

A parts manufacturer uses a solvent degreaser for cleaning parts. The solvent used in the degreaser is a suspected carcinogen. The manufacturer reduces the amount of solvent it disposes of by filtering dirty solvent and returning it to the degreaser. This pollution prevention strategy is known as

1 source reduction

2 in‐process recycling

3 out‐of‐process recycling

4 end‐of‐pipe treatment

Source reduction would be a reduction in the amount of solvent used; in this case, no changes are made to eliminate or reduce the use of the solvent. An example of out‐of‐process recycle would be to send the solvent off‐site to be recycled. End‐of‐pipe treatment would consist of treating the solvent to make it less toxic before disposing of it. In this case, the solvent is filtered and returned to the same equipment that created the dirty solvent. Therefore, this is in‐process recycling.

Mixed wastes are wastes that

1 contain radioactive wastes regulated under the Atomic Energy Act (AEA) and hazardous wastes regulated under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)

2 are comprised of both solid and liquids

3 include both nonhazardous and hazardous wastes regulated under RCRA

4 contain municipal solid wastes and hazardous wastes regulated under RCRA

Mixed waste is defined as a waste mixture that contains both radioactive materials subject to the AEA and a hazardous waste component regulated under the RCRA.

1 2.1 Develop a short essay on the water law policies in a country of your choice.

2 2.2 Develop a short essay on the water law policies in a country in Africa.

3 2.3 Develop a short essay on the water law policies in a country in Europe.

4 2.4 Develop a short essay on the water law policies in a country in Asia.

5 2.5 Provide terms and definitions for “environmental management.”Defining the following terms:E Pollution preventionF Source reductionG In‐process vs on‐site vs off‐site recyclingH Waste treatmentI DisposalJ Direct release

6 2.6 Analysis of Federal Environmental Statutes.

7 2.7 The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) of 1972.

8 2.8 Enforcement

9 2.9 The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSH Act) of 1970.

10 2.10 Clean Air Act (CAA) of 1970.

11 2.11 The Clean Water Act (CWA) of 1972.

12 2.12 Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) of 1976.

13 2.13 The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) of 1980.

14 2.14 The Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act (EPCRA).

15 2.15 Pollution Prevention Act of 1990.

16 2.16 U.S. Supreme Court Decision on the Clean Air Act and Greenhouse Gases.

17 2.17 Superfund Site Investigation Go to the EPA Superfund website.

18 2.18 Premanufacturing Notice from the TSCA Go to the EPA website.

19 2.19 Worker Protection Standard under FIFRA.

20 2.20 Green Jobs and Occupational Safety Issues.

21 2.21 Programs of the Clean Air Act.

22 2.22 National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System of the Clean Water Act.

23 2.23 National Hazardous Waste Biennial Report of RCRA.

24 2.24 “Quality Improvement”: Define the ISO 14000 for an EMS and environmental policy pertinent to product QMS and industrial waste minimization.

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11 Beckert, S. (2014). Empire of Cotton: A Global History. New York: Vintage Books Division Penguin Random House.

12 Bell, M.L., Davis, D.L., and Fletcher, T. (2004). A retrospective assessment of mortality from the London Smog Episode of 1952: the role of influenza and pollution. Environmental Health Perspectives 112 (1): 6–8.