Biopolymers for Biomedical and Biotechnological Applications

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Edited by

Bernd H. A. Rehm

M. Fata Moradali

Editors

Dr. Bernd H. A. Rehm

Centre for Cell Factories and Biopolymers

Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery

Menzies Health Institute Queensland

Griffith University

Don Young Road, Nathan, QLD 4111

Australia

Dr. M. Fata Moradali

Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases

University of Louisville

United States

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Biocompatibility is a concept that, in one form or another, has existed since the dawn of medicine. At the base of Vesuvius in ancient Rome was the house of a surgeon, home to an impressive collection of medical instruments that were preserved by ash when the mountain exploded. Without a doubt, patrons of the ancient surgeon subjected themselves to these devices with the expectation and trust that they would be getting better – not worse – due to the treatment they received. While biocompatibility has not always been explicitly defined through history, the safety of a tool in a doctor's hand is central to the mission of the doctor. Following the industrial revolution, instruments have become mass‐produced and marketed as effective tools for the practice of medicine, making doctors rely on the diligence of the manufacturer to ensure patient safety. Concurrently, our knowledge of toxicology has expanded through experience, and medical journals have become widely available to share clinical experiences. These platforms have been and are currently successfully used to notify doctors and also the public about medical instruments thought to be safe, but which actually did more harm than good, and discuss options for mitigating the risks associated with the use of these devices.