Wearable and Neuronic Antennas for Medical and Wireless Applications

1 Cover

2 Title Page

3 Copyright

4 Preface

5 1 Machine Learning Aided Channel Equalization in Filter Bank Multi-Carrier Communications for 5G 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Related Literature Review 1.3 System Model 1.4 Existing Methods for Equalization in FBMC 1.5 Proposed Machine Learning-Based FBMC Equalizer 1.6 Results and Discussion 1.7 Summary References

6 2 Implantable Cardio Technologies: A Review of Integrated Low Noise Amplifiers 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Background on Low Noise Amplifiers 2.3 Applications of Low Noise Amplifiers 2.4 Conclusion References

7 3 Detecting COVID-19 Through Lung X-Ray Imaging: An Alternative Using Modified CNN Architecture 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Literature Review 3.3 Proposed Methodology 3.4 Results 3.5 Conclusion References

8 4 Wireless Body Area Network Antenna 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Literature Review 4.3 Proposed Work 4.4 Result 4.5 Conclusion References

9 5 Analysis of RF-DC Rectifier Input Impedance for the Appropriate Design of Matching Network for Wireless RF Energy Harvesters 5.1 Introduction 5.2 RF Energy Harvesting Processing Block 5.3 Matching Network & RF-DC Rectifier 5.4 Study of Input Impedance of Rectifier 5.5 Conclusion Acknowledgment References

10 6 Secured Schemes for RF Energy Harvesting Mobile Computing Networks with Multiple Antennas Based on NOMA and Access Points Selection 6.1 Introduction 6.2 System and Channel Models 6.3 Performance Analysis and Optimization 6.4 Numerical Results and Discussion 6.5 Conclusion Appendix A References

11 7 Performance and Stability Analysis of CNTFET SRAM Cell Topologies for Ultra-Low Power Applications 7.1 Introduction 7.2 CNTFET Based SRAM Memory Cell 7.3 Simulation Results and Comparative Performance Analysis 7.4 Stability Analysis of Proposed SRAM Cells 7.5 Conclusion References

12 8 Arrow Shaped Dual-Band Wearable Antenna for ISM Applications 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Antenna Design 8.3 Results 8.4 Analysis of Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) 8.5 Conclusion References

13 9 Edge-Fed Semicircular Antenna Enabled With Pins and Slots for Wireless Applications 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Configuration of Proposed Antenna 9.3 Specifications 9.4 Result and Discussions 9.5 Conclusion References

14 10 A Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna with Defected Ground for UWB Application 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Antenna Design 10.3 Simulation Results 10.4 Conclusion References

15 11 Waveform Optimization in Multi-Carrier Communications for 5G Technology 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Related Literature Review 11.3 System Model: OFDM System 11.4 POPS: A Popular Existing Method for OFDM Waveform Optimization 11.5 Proposed Method for the Waveform Optimization in OFDM Systems 11.6 Results and Discussion 11.7 Summary References

16 12 Wearable Antennas for Biomedical Applications 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Need of Wearable Antennas 12.3 Design Considerations for Wearable Antenna 12.4 Materials for Wearable Antenna 12.5 Fabrication Methods for Wearable Antenna 12.6 Measurements for Wearable Antenna 12.7 Frequency Bands for Wearable Antenna 12.8 Applications of Wearable Antenna in Biomedical 12.9 Conclusion References

17 13 Received Power Based Jammer Localization Using Unscented Kalman Filtering 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Related Work 13.3 System Model 13.4 Simulation and Results 13.5 Summary References

18 Index

19 End User License Agreement

1 Chapter 1Table 1.1 Performance comparison of SVM based FBMC equalizers.

2 Chapter 2Table 2.1 Performance summary of the discussed low noise amplifiers.

3 Chapter 3Table 3.1 Denotes meaning of variable. Source: Created by the authors.Table 3.2 Variable and meaning in the proposed algorithm. Source: Created by aut...Table 3.3 Shows image formed after epochs through our DCGAN architecture. Source...Table 3.4 Accuracy of CNN architecture. Source: Created by author.

4 Chapter 4Table 4.1 Design parameter of proposed antenna.

5 Chapter 5Table 5.1 Power density and efficiency of different sources.Table 5.2 Different RF sources.Table 5.3 SPICE parameter of Schottky Diodes [27, 28, 30].

6 Chapter 6Table 6.1 Notations.Table 6.2 The schemes for RF EH NOMA-MEC with a multi-antenna user.Table 6.3 Typical values of the parameters in the simulation.

7 Chapter 7Table 7.1 CNTFET design parameters for this analysis.Table 7.2 Comparative analysis of performance for proposed SRAM memory cell stru...Table 7.3 Comparative analysis of leakage current.Table 7.4 Static Noise Margin for proposed SRAM cells.Table 7.5 Stability metrics analysis of proposed SRAM cells using N-curve.

8 Chapter 8Table 8.1 Comparison of SARs on different part of human body.

9 Chapter 9Table 9.1 Specifications of antenna.

10 Chapter 10Table 10.1 Parameters of the proposed antenna.Table 10.2 Comparison of different antennas.

11 Chapter 12Table 12.1 Wearable antenna design step.Table 12.2 Recently developed textile materials for wearable antennas.Table 12.4 “Frequency bands used by antennas for in-body, on-body and external m...Table 12.3 Recently developed non textile materials for wearable antennas.

1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 FBMC-OQAM transmission system.Figure 1.2 FBMC-OQAM reception system.Figure 1.3 BER performance comparison of different equalizers in FBMC system.

2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Amplitude and frequency band of bio signal [2].Figure 2.2 ECG signal characteristics [6].Figure 2.3 Common mode voltages rejection by eliminating the ground electrode [1...Figure 2.4 Typical configuration of a wearable ECG monitoring system [12].Figure 2.5 Fully differential capacitive coupled feedback amplifier [19].Figure 2.6 Typical telescopic cascode amplifier [39].Figure 2.7 Complementary input closed loop amplifier.Figure 2.8 Fully differential current reuse OTA [41].Figure 2.9 Fully reconfigurable OTA using floating gate transistors [42].Figure 2.10 Low noise OTA using quasi floating gate (QFG) transistors in the out...Figure 2.11 Low noise low power OTA [46].Figure 2.12 Cross coupled load current reuse OTA [47].Figure 2.13 Fully differential stacked OTA [48].

3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Architecture of GAN.Figure 3.2 Basic constituent layer of CNN.Figure 3.3 Weight vector initialization.Figure 3.4 Pooling window.Figure 3.5 Discriminator architecture.Figure 3.6 Generator architecture.Figure 3.7 Accuracy curve for CNN model. Source: Created by authors.Figure 3.8 Loss curve of CNN architecture. Source: Created by authors.

4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 The block diagram of WBAN.Figure 4.2 The three tiers involved in WBAN and its medical needs. Source: https...Figure 4.3 Patient monitoring using on body a wireless body area network (WBAN)....Figure 4.4 Application of In body WBAN in the various areas of medical and non-m...Figure 4.5 Wireless body area networks.Figure 4.6 (a) Transmitter of wireless body area networks. (b) Receiver of wirel...Figure 4.7 (a) Front side of proposed antenna. (b) Back side of proposed antenna...Figure 4.8 (a) and (b): Effect of variation of radius of via on return loss and ...Figure 4.9 (a) and (b): Effect of variation of length of feed on return loss and...Figure 4.10 (a) and (b): Effect of defected ground structure on the return loss ...Figure 4.11 (a) and (b): Return loss and gain of proposed antenna.Figure 4.12 3D plot of the proposed antenna.

5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 RF energy harvesting system.Figure 5.2 Antenna electrical model representation.Figure 5.3 L, pi, T type matching circuits.Figure 5.4 L & pi type matching circuits output voltage.Figure 5.5 (a) L & pi type Matching Circuits S11 at 2.45 GHz (b) L & pi type Mat...Figure 5.6 Rectifier input impedance.Figure 5.7 Schottky diode non-linear model [26].Figure 5.8 Complete Energy harvester with one stage Dickson multiplier.Figure 5.9 (a) real impedance variation at different frequencies, (b) imaginary ...Figure 5.10 (a) Real impedance variation at different load values at 50 MHz; (b)...Figure 5.10 (c) Real impedance variation at different load values at 100 MHz; (d...Figure 5.10 (e) Real impedance variation at different load values at 930 MHz; (f...Figure 5.10 (g) Real impedance variation at 2.45 GHz for different loads; (h) Im...