James G. Speight - Coal-Fired Power Generation Handbook

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Scrivener Publishing100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J Beverly, MA 01915-6106

Publishers at Scrivener Martin Scrivener (martin@scrivenerpublishing.com) Phillip Carmical (pcarmical@scrivenerpublishing.com)

James G. Speight

This edition first published 2021 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 111 River Street, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA and Scrivener Publishing LLC, 100 Cummings Center, Suite 541J, Beverly, MA 01915, USA

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

ISBN 9781119510109

Cover image: Coal Power Plant (Keng Po Leung | Dreamstime.com) Cover design by Kris Hackerott

Set in size of 11pt and Minion Pro by Manila Typesetting Company, Makati, Philippines

Printed in the USA

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

This book describes the steps and challenges by which electricity is produced from coal and deals with the challenges for removing the environmental objections to the use of coal in future power plants. New technologies are described that could virtually eliminate the sulfur, nitrogen, and mercury pollutants that are released when coal is burned for electricity generation. In addition, technologies for the capture of greenhouse gases emitted from coal-fired power plants are described and the means of preventing such emissions from contributing to global warming concerns.

Also, the book introduces the use of the various types of biomass and waste that can be used for generating electricity at a commercial-scale facility rather than a utility-scale project. Biomass heat and biogas, including anaerobic digestion and landfill gas, are covered in other technology resource pages in this guide.

The book, which is written in an easy-to-read style and is also illustrated by diagrams and tables, describes the performance of power plants and the costs of power generation as influenced by many coal properties. Specifically, coal quality impacts not only coal cost but also net power output as well as capital and operating and maintenance costs and waste disposal costs. In fact, coal quality impacts the coal chain in a power plant and their relationship to power generation costs.

Part I of this book describes the steps and challenges by which electricity is produced from coal and deals with the challenges for removing the environmental objections to the use of coal in future power plants. New technologies are described that could virtually eliminate the sulfur, nitrogen, and mercury pollutants that are released when coal is burned for electricity generation.

Part II presents the various aspects of power generation including chapters on gas cleaning, clean coal technologies, and environmental issues arising from the use of coal.

Part III introduces the reader to the use of other fuels for the generation of electricity, including viscous feedstocks, biomass, and solid waste. A chapter relating to energy security and the future of power generation is also included.

There is also a comprehensive Glossary that will help the reader to understand the various terminologies that are used in this important energy field.

Dr. James G. SpeightLaramie, Wyoming August 2020

An ever-expanding human population is matched by an ever-increasing demand for energy to the extent that the world is presently faced with the situation of energy demand exceeding the energy in circulation and the energy production even from a variety of sources (Speight, 2011a, 2020). The production and consumption of energy have been associated with adverse environmental impacts such that the United Nations conference in Kyoto, Japan, in 1997 had to have what is known as the Kyoto Protocol that sets limits on carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere (Hordeski, 2008; Irfan et al. , 2010).

Coal (the term is used generically throughout the book to include all types of coal), geographically spread across all inhabitable continents of the world, is a black or brownish- black organic sedimentary rock of biochemical origin which is combustible and occurs in rock strata (coal beds , coal seams) and is composed primarily of carbon with variable proportions of hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, and sulfur. Coal is the most plentiful fuel in the fossil family and, in the current context, the United States has more coal reserves than any other country in the world. In fact, one-fourth of all known coal in the world is in the United States, with large deposits located in 38 states, which represents almost as much energy in coal that can be mined as the rest of the world has in oil that can be pumped from the ground. Also, in the context of this book, the more efficient use of coal is the focus since electricity from coal represents more than 50% of current electricity generation in the United States.