James G. Speight - Coal-Fired Power Generation Handbook

11 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 A dry process for flue gas desulfurization (key: ESP – electrostatic...Figure 12.2 A wet process for flue gas desulfurization (key: ESP – electrostatic...Figure 12.3 A Venturi scrubber.Figure 12.4 Vortex and Eddy flows in a cyclone.Figure 12.5 Processes for hydrogen sulfide removal.

12 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 The oxy-fuel process.

13 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 Simplified crude oil distillation scheme. Key: pipe still – distilla...Figure 15.2 Relative oxygen content of coal and biomass.Figure 15.3 The periodic table of the elements.Figure 15.4 Examples of lipid derivatives.Figure 15.5 Examples of fatty acids.Figure 15.6 Generalized structure of cellulose.Figure 15.7 Hypothetical structure of lignin to illustrate the complexity of the...Figure 15.8 Products from biomass pyrolysis.

14 Chapter 17Figure 17.1 The gasification process can accommodate a variety of carbonaceous f...Figure 17.2 The distillation section of a refinery.Figure 17.3 Relative distribution of heteroatoms in the various fractions of cru...Figure 17.4 Flexicoking process.

1 Chapter 1 Table 1.1 Coal ranks*. Table 1.2 Illustration of the effects that can contribute to the coalification p... Table 1.3 History of coal use. Table 1.4 The Geologic timescale. Table 1.5 Distribution of US Coal Reserves (% of total) (Energy information Admi... Table 1.6 Sulfur content of US Coals by Region (Energy information Administratio... Table 1.7 Estimated Coal Reserves by Country (Energy information Administration,...

2 Chapter 2 Table 2.1 Types of coal. Table 2.2 Grades of coal as designated by the Indian System. Table 2.3 Classification by banded structure. Table 2.4 Coal classification according to rank (ASTM D388). Table 2.5 Typical properties of coal. Table 2.6 Differentiation of coal rank, coal type, and coal grade. Table 2.7 National coal board (UK) system of coal classification. Table 2.8 Classification of coal by the International System. Table 2.9 Nomenclature and Sub-division of the Various Maceral Groups. Table 2.10 Comparison of Various Coal Classification Systems.

3 Chapter 3 Table 3.1 Added value to coal through processing (cleaning). Table 3.2 Typical properties of different rank coals (Speight, 2013). Table 3.3 Extent of coal wetting based on fines and surface moisture. Table 3.4 General methods of coal preparation and levels of cleaning (Speight, 2... Table 3.5 Approximate size dimensions of coal for combustion in various coal-fir... Table 3.6 Different types of moisture in coal and methods for removal (Karthikey... Table 3.7 Sulfur distribution in selected US Coals (Speight, 2013).

4 Chapter 4 Table 4.1 General properties that contribute to spontaneous combustion. Table 4.2 Examples of common methods of preventing spontaneous combustion.

5 Chapter 5 Table 5.1 Procedures and Purposes for Coal Testing using the Standard Test metho...Table 5.2 Classification of Coal by Rank (see also Chapter 2).Table 5.3 Approximate Composition of Coal Ash (Speight, 2013).Table 5.4 Generalized Thermal Chemistry of Mineral Types (Speight, 2013).Table 5.5 Approximate relationship of ultimate analysis to proximate analysis.Table 5.6 Conversion factors for components other than hydrogen and oxygen (ASTM...Table 5.7 Examples of data (% w/w) obtained by proximate analysis (ASTM D3172).Table 5.8 Examples of data (% w/w) obtained by ultimate analysis (ASTM D3176).

6 Chapter 6Table 6.1 Physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of coal.Table 6.2 Variation of friability with rank.Table 6.3 Hardgrove grindability indexes of selected US coals.Table 6.4 Heat content of coal at various temperatures.

7 Chapter 7Table 7.1 Typical properties of the various types of coal.Table 7.2 Thermodynamics of coal combustion.Table 7.3 General ranges for the composition of coal ash (Speight, 2013).Table 7.4 Properties of bituminous coals suitable for use in coal-oil mixtures.Table 7.5 Technological aspects of the use of coal-liquid mixtures.Table 7.6 Methods of biomass fuel analysis (Jenkins et al ., 1998; Speight, 2008,...

8 Chapter 9Table 9.1 Coal gasification reactions.Table 9.2 Coal gasification products.

9 Chapter 10Table 10.1 Categories of gasification processes*.Table 10.2 Categories and characteristics of different gasifiers (Higman and Van...

10 Chapter 11Table 11.1 Options for power generation from coal.

11 Chapter 12Table 12.1 Summary of gas cleaning processes.Table 12.2 Processes for hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide removal from gas st...Table 12.3 Flue gas desulfurization systems in common use.Table 12.4 Simple classification system for acid gas removal processes.Table 12.5 Summary of the various acid gas removal processes.Table 12.6 Chemistry of hydrogen sulfide removal from gas streams.

12 Chapter 13Table 13.1 Flue gas desulfurization (FGD) technologies (Kohl and Nielsen, 1997; ...Table 13.2 NOx control technologies in electricity generation (Miller, 2005; Bre...Table 13.3 Particulate control technologies for coal combustion (Miller, 2005; M...Table 13.4 Geological formations suitable for carbon dioxide storage.

13 Chapter 15Table 15.3 Examples of the properties of bitumen from different california tar s...Table 15.4 Comparison of selected properties of Athabasca tar sand bitumen (Albe...Table 15.5 Examples of the types of refinery feedstocks available for on-site co...Table 15.6 Types of fuel oil.Table 15.7 Examples of the types of agricultural biomass.Table 15.8 Different grades of biomass.Table 15.9 Heating value of selected fuels.Table 15.10 Typical plants used as a source of energy.Table 15.11 Composition of different biomass types (% w/w, dry basis).Table 15.12 Ultimate analysis of wood (% w/w, dry-ash-free).Table 15.13 Properties of various woody feedstocks compared to coal and natural ...Table 15.14 Major sources of waste.Table 15.15 Amounts (% w/w) of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin common agricu...

14 Chapter 16Table 16.1 Simplified differentiation between conventional crude oil, tight oil,...Table 16.2 Comparison of selected properties of athabasca tar sand bitumen (Albe...

15 Chapter 17Table 17.1 Types of refinery feedstocks available for gasification on-site.Table 17.2 Biomass properties that influence the gasification process.Table 17.3 Advantages and disadvantages of using biomass as a gasification feeds...Table 17.4 Sources and types of waste.Table 17.5 General composition of municipal solid waste.Table 17.6 Classification of the different types of waste.

16 Chapter 18Table 18.1 Future sources of fuels.Table 18.2 Examples of crude oil and viscous feedstocks that can be used as a so...

1 Cover

2 Table of Contents

3 Title page

4 Copyright

5 Preface

6 Begin Reading

7 Common Conversion Factors used in Coal Technology

8 Glossary

9 Index

10 About the Author

11 End User License Agreement

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