Encyclopedia of Glass Science, Technology, History, and Culture

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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication data applied for

ISBN: 978‐1‐118‐79942‐0

Cover Design: Wiley

Cover Images: Courtesy of S. Di Pierro, Saint‐Gobain Research Paris; Christian Patzig, Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems, Halle Germany; Dominique de Ligny, Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Nicolas Villeneuve, Université de La Réunion

Functions and affiliations at the time of publication of the Encyclopedia

Abensour, Sylvie Analytical Chemistry Group Manager Expertise Department on Crystalline and Composite Materials, Saint-Gobain Research Paris 39 Quai Lucien Lefranc, 93300 Aubervilliers, France – 5.11: Durability of Commercial-type Glasses.

Almeida, Rui M. Catedrático, Departamento de Engenharia Química, CQE Instituto Superior Técnico Universidade de Lisboa Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal – 8.2: Sol-gel Processes and Products.

Angell, C. Austen Regent’s Professor, School of Molecular Sciences Arizona State University Tempe, AZ 85287-1604, USA – 11.1: Postface – A Personal Retrospective.

Bach, Thomas Head of Laboratory, Dorfner Analysenzentrum und Anlagenplanungsgesellschaft mbH (ANZAPLAN) Scharhof 1, 92242 Hirschau, Germany – 5.1: Chemical Analyses and Characterization of Glass.

Ballato, John, J. E. Sirrine Endowed Chair in Optical Fiber, and Professor Department of Materials Science and Engineering and the Center for Optical Materials Science and Engineering Technologies (COMSET) Clemson University, Clemson SC 29631, USA – 6.4: Optical Fibers.

Bange, Klaus Consultant, MK Consulting GmbH, Burgunderstr. 8, 55270 Jugenheim, Germany – 6.7: Modification Technologies of Glass Surfaces; 6.8: Thin-Film Technologies for Glass Surfaces.

Bayuseno, Athanasius P. Professor, Centre for the Waste Management Department of Mechanical Engineering Diponegoro University, Tembalang Campus Semarang 50275, Indonesia – 9.10: Immobilization of Municipal and Industrial Waste.

Belyustin, Anatolii A. (deceased) Former Professor of Physical Chemistry, Chemistry Institute c/o Saint Petersburg State University Physical Chemistry Department, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskii prospect, 26, Petrodvorets 198504 Saint Petersburg, Russia – 5.8: The Glass Electrode and Electrode Properties of Glasses.

Beretta, Marco Professor of History of Science Dipartimento di Filosofia e Comunicazione Università di Bologna, via Zamboni 38, 40126 Bologna, Italy – 10.4: Glass and the Philosophy of Matter in Antiquity.

Blochowicz, Thomas Privatdozent, Institut für Festkörperphysik Technische Universität Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 6-8 64289 Darmstadt, Germany – 8.6: Relaxation Processes in Molecular Liquids.

Bos, Freek Assistant Professor Concrete Structures Unit Structural Design, Department of the Built Environment, Eindhoven University of Technology (TU/e), PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven The Netherlands – 9.1: Structural Glass in Architecture.

Brauer, Delia S. Professor for Bioactive Glasses Otto Schott Institute of Materials Research Friedrich Schiller University Jena Fraunhoferstr. 6, 07743 Jena, Germany – 8.4: Bioactive Glasses.

Brunner, Samuel Research Scientist, Laboratory for Building Energy Materials and Components, EMPA Überlandstrasse 129, 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland – 8.3: Silica Aerogels.

Bureau, Bruno Professor, Université de Rennes I, Verres et Céramiques Institut des Sciences Chimiques, UMR-CNRS 6226 35700 Rennes, France – 6.5: Fluoride and Chalcogenide Glasses for Mid-infrared Optics.

Calas, Georges Professor, Institut de Mineralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, Sorbonne Université UMR CNRS 7590, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, IRD, 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris, France – 6.2: The Color of Glass.

Ceola, Stefano Researcher, Stazione Sperimentale del Vetro Via Briati 10, 30141 Venice, Italy – 9.9: Glass Cullet: Sources, Uses, and Environmental Benefits.

Chopinet, Marie-Hélène Former Senior Research Engineer Saint-Gobain Research Paris, 90 rue Duhesme 75018 Paris, France – 5.11: Durability of Commercial-type Glasses; 10.9: Furnaces and Glassmaking Processes: From Ancient Tradition to Modernity.

Clare, Alix Professor, Kazuo Inamori School of Engineering Alfred University, Alfred, NY 14802, USA – 6.1: Optical Glasses. Cohen-Addad, Jean-Pierre (deceased) Former Professor, Laboratoire LiPhy Université J. Fourier, Grenoble 38402 Saint-Martin d’Hères, France – 8.7: Physics of Polymer Glasses.

Colomban, Philippe Emeritus Research Director, CNRS Laboratory “From Molecule to Nano-object: Reactivity, Interaction & Spectroscopies,” Sorbonne Universités, 4 place Jussieu, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France – 10.6: Glazes and Enamels.

Comte, Monique Research Engineer, Advanced Materials Research Group, Corning European Technology Center Corning SAS, 77210 Avon, France – 7.11: Glass-Ceramics.

Conradt, Reinhard Uniglass AC GmbH, Nizzaallee 75 52072 Aachen, Germany, President Deutsche Glastechnische Gesellschaft Former Professor of Glass and Ceramic Composites RWTH Aachen University, Aachen 52072, Germany – General Introduction; 1.1: Glass Production: An Overview; 1.3: Fusion of Glass; 9.8: Physics and Modeling of Glass Furnaces.

Cooper, Reid F. Professor, Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences, Brown University, Box 1946, Providence RI 02912, USA – 5.6: Redox Thermodynamics and Kinetics in Silicate Melts and Glasses.

Cormier, Laurent Research Director, Institut de Mineralogie de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie Sorbonne Université, UMR CNRS 7590, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, IRD, 4 Place Jussieu 75005 Paris, France – 6.2: The Color of Glass. de Campos, Cristina P., Visiting Professor Earth and Environmental Sciences Ludwig-Maximillians-Universität LMU Theresienstr. 41/III Munich 80333, Germany – 7.2: Geological Glasses.

Degryse, Patrick Professor, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences – Geology, Center for Archaeological Sciences KU Leuven, Celestijnenlaan 200E Box 2408, BE-3001, Leuven Belgium and Faculty of Archaeology Universiteit Leiden, Leiden the Netherlands – 10.2: Ancient Glass Late Bronze Age.

de Koker, Nico Research Fellow, Department of Civil Engineering University of Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa – 4.3: Diffusion in Oxide Glass-forming Systems.

de Ligny, Dominique Chair of Glass and Ceramics Department of Materials Science and Engineering Friedrich Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Martensstr. 5, 91058 Erlangen, Germany – 3.6: Thermodynamic Properties of Oxide Glasses and Liquids.

Deubener, Joachim Professor of Glass Science and Engineering Institute of Non-Metallic Materials Clausthal University of Technology 38678 Clausthal-Zellerfeld, Germany – 4.1: Viscosity of Glass-forming Melts; 9.4: Glass for Solar-energy Technologies.

Di Pierro, Simonpietro Director, Expertise Department on Crystalline and Composite Materials, Saint-Gobain Research Paris 39 Quai Lucien Lefranc 93300 Aubervilliers, France – 1.2: Raw Materials for Glass Making: Properties and Constraints.