CO2 Hydrogenation Catalysis

6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Schematic representation for synthesis of silica (a) and PS (b) s...Figure 6.2 Schematic representation for synthesis of “Si”‐(CH 2) 3NH(CSCH 3)‐Ru...Figure 6.3 Schematic representation for synthesis of Ir‐PN/SBA‐15.Scheme 6.1 Synthesis of PEI‐PN/Ir.Figure 6.4 Schematic representation for synthesis of Ir‐PN‐PEI@TNT(Na +).Figure 6.5 Schematic representation of Ru/LDH.Figure 6.6 Schematic representation for synthesis of lutidine‐derived bis‐NH...Figure 6.7 Schematic representation for synthesis of mbpyOH‐[Ir III]‐UIO and ...Figure 6.8 Schematic representation of RuCl 3@MIL‐101(Cr)‐R (a) and Ru3‐NHC‐M...Figure 6.9 Schematic representation for synthesis of TB‐MOP‐Ru.Figure 6.10 Schematic representation for synthesis of ML x(bpy‐CTF)X]X (a) an...Figure 6.11 Schematic representation for synthesis of [IrCp*(HBF‐2)Cl]Cl....Figure 6.12 Scheme of CTF sphere preparation (a) and SEM image of CTF sphere...Scheme 6.2 Representative structure of porous phosphine polymers (a) and the...Figure 6.13 Schematic representation for synthesis of Ir/AP‐POP.Figure 6.14 Schematic representation for synthesis of Phen‐POP‐Ir.

7 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Selective hydrogenation of CO 2by RuFe nanoparticles in different...Figure 7.2 Microenvironmental engineering of Pd nanoparticle catalysts using...Figure 7.3 A possible reaction pathway for CO 2hydrogenation over a PdNi bim...Figure 7.4 (a) Molecular structure of graphitic carbon nitride (circled part...Figure 7.5 Possible reaction mechanism for bicarbonate hydrogenation over Pd...Figure 7.6 (a) Synthetic approaches to tailor the basic properties of g ‐C 3N 4Figure 7.7 (A) FT‐IR spectra of Au/Al 2O 3catalyst treated with (a) DMF/NEt 3...Figure 7.8 (a) Comparison of the catalytic activities of a series of support...Figure 7.9 (a) Possible reaction mechanism for CO 2hydrogenation to formic a...Figure 7.10 (a) Schematic illustration for the preparation of PdAg/SBA‐15‐Am...Figure 7.11 Proposed synergistic mechanism for the hydrogenation of CO 2to f...Figure 7.12 Ru K‐edge FT‐EXAFS spectra and schematic illustration of Ru/LDH....Figure 7.13 (a) Relationship between TON‐based on Ru during CO 2hydrogenatio...Figure 7.14 Energy profile for CO 2hydrogenation to formic acid on Cu‐dG. Di...

8 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 Schematic diagrams of the CAMERE process; (a) the original proces...Figure 8.2 The “George Olah Carbon Dioxide to Renewable Methanol Plant” of C...Figure 8.3 Liquid formation in a view cell during methanol synthesis of H 2, ...Figure 8.4 Equilibrium CO 2conversion and methanol selectivity at different ...Figure 8.5 Types of catalyst material reported for CO 2hydrogenation to meth...Figure 8.6 Synthesis methods of Cu/ZnO‐based catalysts. The percentage was c...Figure 8.7 Schematic overview of the multistep synthesis route for Cu/ZnO ca...Figure 8.8 Simplified preparation scheme of Cu/ZnO catalyst from zincian mal...Figure 8.9 Microstructural features revealed with transmission electron micr...Figure 8.10 General scheme for methanol synthesis over Cu/ZnO‐based catalyst...Figure 8.11 Proposed reaction mechanisms for the CO 2hydrogenation toward me...Figure 8.12 Proposed reaction mechanisms for the CO 2hydrogenation toward et...

9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Line drawings of (a) [M(bpy) 2X 2] +, (b) M(Cp*)(bpy)Cl] +, (c) [Rh(d...Figure 9.2 Line drawings of (a) [Ir(POCOP)H 2(MeCN)] +, (b) [Ir(POCOP)′H 2(MeCN...Figure 9.3 Line drawings of [IrCp*(L)(X)] n+, where L is varied.Figure 9.4 Line drawings of (a) [Ru(bpy) 2(CO) 2] 2+, (b) [Os(bpy)(CO)H] +, (c) ...Figure 9.5 Line drawings of (a) [Fe(dophen)L 2] +, (b) [Fe( tBudhbpy)Cl], (c) [...Figure 9.6 Line drawings of (a) [Ni(cyclam)] 2+, (b) [Ni 2(biscyclam)] 4+, and ...Figure 9.7 Line drawings of [Ni(2H‐qpdt x) 2)] x = a, b, c.Figure 9.8 Line drawings of (a) [Fe 6Mo 2S 8(SEt) 8] 3−, (b) [Fe 4S 4(SR) 4] 2−...Figure 9.9 Terminal hydride insertion pathways.Figure 9.10 Bridging hydride insertion pathways.Figure 9.11 Electrocatalytic reduction of CO 2to formate by [Co(P R 2N R′Figure 9.12 Electrocatalytic reduction of CO 2to formate with [Ir(PN HP)H 3]....Figure 9.13 Electrocatalytic reduction of CO 2to formate with [Fe 4N(CO) 12] −...Figure 9.14 Definition of hydricity.Figure 9.15 Driving force for hydride transfer between L n‐M and CO 2.Figure 9.16 Line drawings and hydricity of (a) H‐[Fe 4N(CO) 12] −, (b) H‐...Figure 9.17 Electrochemical reduction of CO 2to methanol using [Fe(PP 3)(MeCN...

10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Schematic representation of the setup used for continuous hydrog...Chart 10.1 Ru catalysts for FA dehydrogenation.Chart 10.2 Ligand structures of rac ‐ P4and meso ‐ P4.Chart 10.3 Pincer ruthenium complex for FA dehydrogenation.Figure 10.2 Reaction mechanism for Ru‐4.Chart 10.4 Selective Ir catalysts for FA dehydrogenation.Figure 10.3 Reaction mechanism of FA dehydrogenation (FADH) via Ir‐2....Figure 10.4 Plausible reaction mechanism of bisMETAMORPhos catalyst, Ir‐3...Figure 10.5 Proposed mechanism for FA dehydrogenation using Fe/PP 3catalysis...Chart 10.5 Selective well‐defined iron catalysts.Figure 10.6 Proposed reaction mechanism for FA dehydrogenation using an iron...Chart 10.6 Water‐soluble phosphine ligands for aqueous FA dehydrogenation wi...Figure 10.7 Hammett plots of FA dehydrogenation with Cp*Ir catalysts bearing...Chart 10.7 Selective Ir catalysts for FA dehydrogenation.Figure 10.8 Time courses of the volume and rate of released gases via FA deh...Figure 10.9 Time courses of volume of released gases (left axis) and rate of...Chart 10.8 Catalyst structures for MeOH dehydrogenation.Figure 10.10 Plausible reaction mechanism for methanol dehydrogenation.Figure 10.11 Proposed reaction mechanism for MeOH dehydrogenation using Ru‐6...Figure 10.12 Proposed reaction mechanism for MeOH dehydrogenation using Ir‐15...Figure 10.13 Proposed reaction mechanism for MeOH dehydrogenation using Fe ‐4...

1 Cover Page

2 Title Page CO 2 Hydrogenation Catalysis Edited by Yuichiro Himeda

3 Copyright Editor Dr. Yuichiro Himeda National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST Tsukuba West, 16‐1 Onogawa 305‐8569 Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan Cover Cover Design: Wiley Cover Image: Courtesy of Yuichiro Himeda All books published by Wiley‐VCH are carefully produced. Nevertheless, authors, editors, and publisher do not warrant the information contained in these books, including this book, to be free of errors. Readers are advised to keep in mind that statements, data, illustrations, procedural details or other items may inadvertently be inaccurate. Library of Congress Card No.: applied for British Library Cataloguing‐in‐Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available on the Internet at < http://dnb.d-nb.de >. © 2021 WILEY‐VCH, GmbH, Boschstr. 12, 69469 Weinheim, Germany All rights reserved (including those of translation into other languages). No part of this book may be reproduced in any form – by photoprinting, microfilm, or any other means – nor transmitted or translated into a machine language without written permission from the publishers. Registered names, trademarks, etc. used in this book, even when not specifically marked as such, are not to be considered unprotected by law. Print ISBN: 978‐3‐527‐34663‐9 ePDF ISBN: 978‐3‐527‐82409‐0 ePub ISBN: 978‐3‐527‐82410‐6 oBook ISBN: 978‐3‐527‐82411‐3