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Brigid Lusk, PhD, RN, FAAN

Midwest Nursing History Research Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Nursing, Chicago, IL, USA

Rebecca Singer, new doctoral graduate, examines historical artifacts.

Source: Midwest Nursing History Research Center, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Nursing.

Why study nursing history? The answer lies in the work we do every day with the patients, families, and communities we serve. Understanding how early twentieth‐century nursing leaders sought educational advancement in higher education, advocated health care policy reforms, supported immigrant populations, and developed innovative models of care offers much for the profession today.

Sandra Lewenson, PhD, RN, FAAN

Upon completion of this chapter, the reader should be able to:

1 Discuss the founding of nursing.

2 Review the dawn of professional nursing.

3 Discuss visiting nurses and the birth of public health nursing.

4 Review the development of professional nursing organizations

5 Discuss evolving hospital nursing in the 1920s and 1930s.

6 Review evolving of professional nursing in the 1920s and 1930s.

7 Discuss collegiate education in nursing.

8 Review the development of nursing research in the 1950s to the 1970s.

9 Discuss emerging nursing specializations in the 1980s and 1990s.

10 Review historic contributions and future nursing challenges.

You graduated about a year ago, as one of 10 male nurses in your class, and now work in the critical care unit of a major teaching hospital. Most of your work has been on the night shift. One evening, with a few nights off duty coming up, you go out with some friends from college. Talking with them, you realize that they don ' t have a clue about what you do. They joke that you must have entered nursing because of the numbers of eligible women. They have no idea of your responsibilities or your stress when at work. They don ' t know that a few nights back you diagnosed a probable pulmonary embolism and thus saved a young woman ' s life. They don ' t know that you calmed a hysterical man in the waiting room whose wife had just unexpectedly died. Most aggravating is their response when you tell them that you ' re planning to return to college for your doctorate—a PhD or a DNP, you ' re not sure yet—and they look amazed and exclaim “A nursing Dr.! Who knew?”