Kelly Vana's Nursing Leadership and Management

1 Cover

2 Title Page Kelly Vana’s Nursing Leadership and Management FOURTH EDITION Edited by Patricia Kelly Vana, RN, MSN Professor Emerita Purdue University Northwest College of Nursing Hammond, Indiana Faculty Health Education Systems, Inc. (HESI) Houston, Texas Janice Tazbir, RN, MS, CS, CCRN, CNE, RYT Consultant, Anderson Continuing Education Sacramento, California Staff Nurse, University of Chicago Medicine Chicago, Illinois Faculty Health Education Systems, Inc. (HESI) Houston, Texas Professor (retired) Purdue University Northwest College of Nursing Hammond, Indiana

3 Copyright

4 Dedication

5 Contributors

6 Former Contributors to the Third Edition

7 Preface 1 Organization 2 Instructor Resources (IR) REFERENCES

8 Foreword REFERENCES

9 Chapter Features

10 About The Editors

11 Acknowledgments

12 About the Companion Website

13 Unit 1: Kelly Vana’s Nursing Leadership and Management1 Nursing Leadership, Management, and Motivation

14 2 The Health Care Environment History of Health Care Influence of External Forces on Health Care Organization of Health Care Health Care Rankings Access to Health Care for All Health Care Payment in Other Countries Hospital Care Need for Primary Health Care The Federal Government Health Care Disparities and Social Determinants of Health Health Care Spending Health Care Quality Balanced Scorecards Improving Quality Through Health Professions Education Nurse Shortages KEY CONCEPTS KEY TERMS REVIEW QUESTIONS REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS REVIEW ACTIVITIES DISCUSSION POINTS DISCUSSION OF OPENING SCENARIO EXPLORING THE WEB INFORMATICS LEAN BACK REFERENCES SUGGESTED READINGS

15 3 Nursing Leadership and Management in a Historical Context The Founding of Nursing The Dawn of Professional Nursing The Development of Professional Nursing Organizations Professional Nursing Matures Historical Contributions and Future Challenges KEY CONCEPTS KEY TERMS REVIEW QUESTIONS REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS REVIEW ACTIVITIES DISCUSSION POINTS DISCUSSION OF OPENING SCENARIO EXPLORING THE WEB INFORMATICS LEAN BACK REFERENCES SUGGESTED READINGS

16 4 Organization of Patient Care in High Reliability Care Organizations Definitions of Error The Anatomy of an Error High Reliability Organizations Nursing's Role in High Reliability Organizations Fostering a Fair and Just Culture Summary KEY CONCEPTS KEY TERMS REVIEW QUESTIONS REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS REVIEW ACTIVITIES DISCUSSION POINTS DISCUSSION OF OPENING SCENARIO EXPLORING THE WEB INFORMATICS LEAN BACK REFERENCES SUGGESTED READINGS

17 5 Organization and Staffing of Patient Care at the Unit Level Organizational Mission, Vision, and Values or Philosophy Developing a Nursing Department's and Nursing Unit's Mission Statement Creating a Vision Statement for the Nursing Department and Unit Developing a Nursing Department's and Nursing Unit's Values or Philosophy Organization of Patient Care at the Unit Level Professional Nursing Practice at the Unit Level Ensuring Competence and Professional Staff Development Models of Patient Care Delivery Evaluation of Staffing Effectiveness KEY CONCEPTS KEY TERMS REVIEW QUESTIONS REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS REVIEW ACTIVITIES DISCUSSION POINTS DISCUSSION OF OPENING SCENARIO EXPLORING THE WEB INFORMATICS LEAN BACK REFERENCES SUGGESTED READINGS

18 6 Health Care Economics Health Care Economics Economic Principles Related to Nursing and Health Care Management of Health Care as a Business Traditional Perspective: Health Care Helps People Factors Affecting Access to Health Services Medicare Hospital Value‐Based Purchasing (VBP) Program Future Perspectives on the Cost of Health Care Economic Principles of Health Care Health Care Provider Economics The Role of State and Federal Government and Third‐Party Payers in the Financing of Health Care Medicare Medication Costs Factors that Influence Health Care Spending and Their Effect on Health Care Outcomes Hospital Costs, Patient Charges, Nursing Costs, and Room Charges Diagnostic, Therapeutic, and Information Technology Cost Use of the Computer to Capture Nursing Costs Impact of Health Care Reform Legislation on the Health Care Industry Nosek‐Androwich Profit Quality (NAPQ) Matrix Customer Satisfaction KEY CONCEPTS KEY TERMS REVIEW QUESTIONS REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS REVIEW ACTIVITIES DISCUSSION POINTS DISCUSSION OF OPENING SCENARIO EXPLORING THE WEB INFORMATICS LEAN BACK REFERENCES SUGGESTED READINGS

19 7 Hospital Department and Unit Budgets Introduction Types of Budgets Budgeting Process Overview Budget Preparation Organizing the Budgeting Process Key Budgeting Elements and Influences Obtaining Reimbursement Demographic Information and Marketing Competitive Analysis Regulatory Influences Strategic Plans Scope of Service and Goals Expenses Budget Approval and Monitoring Team Roles and Responsibilities in the Budgeting Process KEY CONCEPTS KEY TERMS REVIEW QUESTIONS REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS REVIEW ACTIVITIES DISCUSSION POINTS DISCUSSION OF OPENING SCENARIO EXPLORING THE WEB REFERENCES SUGGESTED READINGS

20 Unit 2: Leadership and Management of Patient-Centered Care8 Patient‐Centered Care

21 9 Patient and Health Care Education Foundations for Patient‐Centered and Professional Development Education The Role of the Nurse in Patient‐Centered Health Care Education Reading and Health Literacy Learning Domains Developing Learning Objectives Educational Resources Evaluating Effectiveness of Patient‐Centered Education Strategies for Professional Development Nursing and Health Care Competencies Strategies for Engaging the Adult Learner KEY CONCEPTS KEY TERMS REVIEW QUESTIONS REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS REVIEW ACTIVITIES DISCUSSION POINTS DISCUSSION OF OPENING SCENARIO EXPLORING THE WEB INFORMATICS LEAN BACK REFERENCES SUGGESTED READINGS

22 10 Patient Outcomes and Evidence‐Based Health Care Nurse's Role in Evidence‐Based Practice Nursing and EBP Role of the ANA History and Evolution of EBP Evidence‐Based Practice Models and Terminology How do you Formulate a Research Question? Let's PICOT. (the T is optional) Promoting Evidence‐Based Best Practices KEY CONCEPTS KEY TERMS REVIEW QUESTIONS REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS REVIEW ACTIVITIES DISCUSSION POINTS DISCUSSION OF OPENING SCENARIO EXPLORING THE WEB INFORMATICS LEAN BACK REFERENCES SUGGESTED READINGS

23 11 Searching for the Evidence Use the Five A's (Assess, Ask, Acquire, Appraise, and Apply) to Guide Your Literature Search Process Assess the Patient or Population and Ask an Answerable Clinical Question by Using Keywords and Subject Headings Ask Answerable Clinical Questions Using PICOT (Patient/Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes, and Time) Acquire Evidence in the Literature Using Boolean Operators and Truncation in Electronic Databases Acquire Evidence in the Literature Using Electronic Databases Acquire Evidence and Clinical Practice Guidelines by Using Mobile Applications Appraise Evidence Such as Journals, Mobile Applications, and Websites for Relevancy and Quality Resources for Lifelong Learning Final Step: Apply the Evidence to Your Patient or Clinical Problem KEY CONCEPTS KEY TERMS REVIEW QUESTIONS REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS REVIEW ACTIVITIES DISCUSSION POINTS DISCUSSION OF OPENING SCENARIO EXPLORING THE WEB INFORMATICS LEAN BACK REFERENCES SUGGESTED READING

24 12 Quality Improvement of Patient Care The Importance of Quality Improvement in Health Care Major Principles of Quaity Improvement (QI) QI Decisions Are Based on Data Benchmarking STEEEP and Evaluation of a Health Care Organization's QI Program KEY CONCEPTS KEY TERMS REVIEW QUESTIONS REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS REVIEW ACTIVITIES DISCUSSION POINTS DISCUSSION OF OPENING SCENARIO EXPLORING THE WEB INFORMATICS LEAN BACK REFERENCES SUGGESTED READINGS

25 13 Improving Quality at the Bedside QI is Part of the Nurse's Work at the Bedside QI is Part of the Nurse's Work as a Team Member on the Unit The National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators (NDNQI®) The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) Hospital Value‐Based Purchasing Program QI is Part of the Nurse's Work as an Employee of a Health Care Organization The Skills Needed by the Nurse to do QI Applying QI Methodologies at the Bedside KEY CONCEPTS KEY TERMS REVIEW QUESTIONS REVIEW QUESTION ANSWERS REVIEW ACTIVITIES DISCUSSION POINTS DISCUSSION OF THE OPENING SCENARIO EXPLORING THE WEB INFORMATICS LEAN BACK REFERENCES SUGGESTED READINGS