Bovine Reproduction

10 Chapter 30Table 30.1 Target body condition score and production cycle.Table 30.2 Summary of target body weight, height, and average daily gain (ADG...Table 30.3 Summary of coccidiostats used in bovine medicine.Table 30.4 Summary of most commonly used labeled antimicrobials available in ...Table 30.5 Summary of the top four dry cow therapy intramammary antimicrobial...

11 Chapter 31Table 31.1 Nutrient rephysiological state and time.Table 31.2 Estimated empty‐body fat and protein associated with BCS.Table 31.3 Shrunk body weight (SBW) change associated with a change in one BC...Table 31.4 Decision‐making tree for visual assignment of BCS of beef cattle.Table 31.5 Recommended dietary mineral concentrations and maximum tolerable c...

12 Chapter 32Table 32.1 Incidence of some metabolic disorders of dairy cows.

13 Chapter 34Table 34.1 Direct and indirect causes of anestrus in cattle.1Table 34.2 P/AI after Ovsynch/TAI in dairy cows classified as anestrous or cy...Table 34.3 P/AI in anestrous dairy cows subjected to Ovsynch/TAI with or with...Table 34.4 Ovarian responses to GnRH treatments, based on ultrasonography, an...

14 Chapter 36Table 36.1 Fluctuating temperatures in the neck of a typical semen storage ta...Table 36.2 Thermal response of semen straw exposed to refrigerated and ambien...Table 36.3 Temperature of semen (°C) in 0.5‐ml French straws after water bath...

15 Chapter 38Table 38.1 Comparison of different methods of pregnancy diagnosis.Table 38.2 Size of various reproductive organs and fetal structures that can ...

16 Chapter 39Table 39.1 Summary of biochemical indicators presently used for the diagnosis...

17 Chapter 40Table 40.1 Ultrasonic appearance of embryonic and fetal structures by days in...

18 Chapter 41Table 41.1 Pathogens associated with reproductive wastage in beef cows by ges...Table 41.2 Agent‐related abortions categorized by period of gestation and dia...Table 41.3 Use of reproductive vaccines by cow/calf operations.Table 41.4 Example vaccination program based on risk management concept.

19 Chapter 44Table 44.1 Production evaluators of reproductive and calf performance.Table 44.2 Suggested production benchmarks for mid‐western herds.

20 Chapter 45Table 45.1 Reproductive metric averages, standard deviations, and top 20th pe...Table 45.2 Estrus detection (ED)‐based insemination rates and P/AI for firs...Table 45.3 FSTAI conception risk results in research settings. Refer to refer...Table 45.4 SSTAI conception risk results in research settings. Refer to refer...Table 45.5 Summary of breeding interval herd data from 37 dairy herds with a ...Table 45.6 Reported late embryonic loss.

21 Chapter 49Table 49.1 Breed of sire means (in pounds) for 2011‐born animals under condit...

22 Chapter 54Table 54.1 Risk factors associated with the development of uterine diseases i...

23 Chapter 56Table 56.1 Disease‐causing agents associated with endemic fetal losses.Table 56.2 Possible causes for gross and microscopic lesions in bovine fetuse...Table 56.3 Gestational age estimates of bovine fetuses.Table 56.4 Contents for abortion kit.Table 56.5 Fresh specimens collected for fetal and neonatal diagnostics.Table 56.6 Summary of diagnostic tests for bovine abortion.Table 56.7 Approximate stages of development when abortion occurs for specifi...

24 Chapter 59Table 59.1 Important maintenance hosts for different Leptospira serovars that ...Table 59.2 Summary of clinical differences between infections with Hardjo and...Table 59.3 Summary of commonly used diagnostic tests for detection of leptosp...

25 Chapter 66Table 66.1 Fungi isolated in culture from 369 US cases in which a single isol...

26 Chapter 69Table 69.1 Nitrate‐accumulating plants.Table 69.2 Selenium‐accumulating plants of the USA.Table 69.3 Potentially harmful xenobiotics in pregnancy.

27 Chapter 71Table 71.1 Examples of publications in which AOS is seen.

28 Chapter 73Table 73.1 Typical vaccination protocol. Variation and inclusion of other pat...Table 73.2 The most common infectious causes of calf diarrhea and age of occu...

29 Chapter 74Table 74.1 Mean and (SD) values of blood gas analyses of arterial blood in 57...

30 Chapter 75Table 75.1 Herd‐level categories and optimal values of serum IgG, STP, and Br...

31 Chapter 76Table 76.1 Allelic control of common bovine Mendelian genetic traits.Table 76.2 Summary of heritability estimates (h 2) for commonly used reproduct...Table 76.3 Table indicating which breeds utilize the various fertility traits...Table 76.4 Fertility haplotypes in dairy and beef cattle.

32 Chapter 78Table 78.1 Some common commercially available extenders for bovine semen cryo...

33 Chapter 79Table 79.1 Average DNA content difference (%) in X and Y chromosome‐bearing s...

34 Chapter 81Table 81.1 CASA/flow cytometry cutoff values (%) used to determine pass/fail ...Table 81.2 Of 660 total (first number), number (%, second number in parenthes...Table 81.3 Comparison of acrosome integrity and calcium level of live spermat...Table 81.4 Comparison of sperm functions based on CASA and flow cytometry ana...

35 Chapter 82Table 82.1 Mean (±SEM) ova/embryo production in beef donors treated with Foll...

36 Chapter 85Table 85.1 IETS recommended codes for embryonic stage of development and embr...

37 Chapter 88Table 88.1 Effect of collecting oocytes via OPU either 33 or 48 hours followi...Table 88.2 Definition, causes, and suggested solutions of problems related to...

38 Chapter 89Table 89.1 Applications of IVF technology.Table 89.2 Potential for fertilization and embryonic development in different...Table 89.3 Aberrant characteristics associated with the LOS syndrome of IVP b...

39 Chapter 90Table 90.1 Development of cloned sheep embryos constructed with three differe...Table 90.2 Developmental potential of SCNT cow clones (constructed with ovari...Table 90.3 Comparison of SCNT pregnancy losses in the cow related to MHC homo...

1 Chapter 1 Figure 1.1 Components of spermatozoa: P = production, T = transport, Tr = tr... Figure 1.2 Histology of testicle: St = Sertoli cell, Ly = Leydig cells, Sg =... Figure 1.3 Tissue layers of testicle: Vt = visceral vaginal tunic, Pt = pari... Figure 1.4 Ductules of testicle: Ep‐h = head of epididymis, Et = efferent tu... Figure 1.5 Components of epididymis: Sc = spermatic cord, Ep‐h = head of epi... Figure 1.6 Components of epididymis: Sc = spermatic cord, Ep‐h = head of epi... Figure 1.7 Regions of the penis: R = root of penis, Bb = bulb of penis, Bd =... Figure 1.8 Muscles of the penis: Bs = bulbospongiosus muscle, Ic = ischiocav... Figure 1.9 Sigmoid flexure of the penis: Bd = body of penis, Sf = sigmoid fl... Figure 1.10 Glans penis and associated structures: G = glans penis, Fp = fre... Figure 1.11 Prepuce and associated structures: Rp = raphe of penis, Ip = int... Figure 1.12 Components of the prepuce: Fp = free part of penis, G = glans pe... Figure 1.13 Arterial supply to the penis: Ip = internal pudendal artery, Ab ... Figure 1.14 Nerves of the penis: Sc = sciatic nerve, Pu = pudendal nerve, Pc... Figure 1.15 Secondary sex glands: Am = ampulla, Vs = vesicular glands, P = p...

2 Chapter 2 Figure 2.1 Bright‐field and thermal images of two‐year‐old Hereford bull tes... Figure 2.2 Synthetic pathway of testosterone and conversion to active androg... Figure 2.3 Genomic context of the relaxin gene in selected mammals. The clus... Figure 2.4 Schematic representations of the germinal epithelium of the bull ... Figure 2.5 Schematic representation of spermatozoa reflecting visible change...

3 Chapter 3 Figure 3.1 Steps in spermatogenesis.

4 Chapter 4 Figure 4.1 Mean (and SEM) blood flow, O 2delivery, and metabolic rate in tes...

5 Chapter 5 Figure 5.1 Mean serum luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle‐stimulating hormone... Figure 5.2 Serum LH concentrations between 10 and 30 weeks of age in Angus a... Figure 5.3 Mean (± SEM) number of LH pulses and serum testosterone concentra... Figure 5.4 Mean (± SEM) number of LH pulses and serum testosterone concentra... Figure 5.5 Mean (± SEM) number of LH pulses and serum testosterone concentra... Figure 5.6 Mean (± SEM) serum IGF‐I, insulin, GH, and leptin concentrations ...