Biofuel Cells

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Rapid industrialization and urbanization associated with the environment changes calls for reduced pollution and thereby least use of fossil fuels. Biofuel cells are bioenergy resources and biocompatible alternatives to conventional fuel cells. Biofuel cells are one of the new sustainable renewable energy sources that are based on the direct conversion of chemical matters to electricity with the aid of microorganisms or enzymes as biocatalysts. The gradual depletion of fossil fuels, increasing energy needs, and the pressing problem of environmental pollution have stimulated a wide range of research and development efforts for renewable and environmentally friendly energy. Energy generation from biomass resources by employing biofuel cells is crucial for sustainable development. Biofuel cells have attracted considerable attention as micro- or even nano-power sources for implantable biomedical devices, such as cardiac pacemakers, implantable self-powered sensors, and biosensors for monitoring physiological parameters.
This book covers the most recent developments and offers a detailed overview of fundamentals, principles, mechanisms, properties, optimizing parameters, analytical characterization tools, various types of biofuel cells, all-category of materials, catalysts, engineering architectures, implantable biofuel cells, applications and novel innovations and challenges in this sector. This book is a reference guide for anyone working in the areas of energy and the environment.

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7 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 UV-Visible spectra of enzyme solution before immobilization (red) and...Figure 8.2 A typical CV of glucose oxidation onto Immobilized glucose oxidase su...

8 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Various cell configuration of PBEC-FC.Figure 9.2 Working principle of dual chamber PS-BFC with biocatalyst on the cath...Figure 9.3 A coupled p-BFC with cathodic PBR half-cell.Figure 9.4 Single chamber p-BFC.Figure 9.5 The diagram of sediment PS-BFC.Figure 9.6 (a) Photovoltaic (PV)-electrolysis device schematic for solar water s...Figure 9.7 Mechanistic illustration of photoelectrode reactions under illuminati...Figure 9.8 (a) Energy diagram for the promotion and delivery of electron from mi...Figure 9.9 (a) Schematic diagram of a single chamber PE-BFC with the phtobioanod...Figure 9.10 Schematic diagram showing (a) a dual-chamber PE-BFC with the photobi...Figure 9.11 (a) FESEM image showing the G/CNT biofilm tightly attached to the ca...Figure 9.12 (a) The SEM image of BTNA, (b) photocurrent generation of BTNA and T...Figure 9.13 (a) The SEM images of TK/TiO2 and FDH-CH3V(CH2)9COOH electrode, (b) ...

9 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Diagrammatic representation biological fuel cell which generating cu...Figure 11.2 Diagrammatic representation of half-biofuel cell.Figure 11.3 Classification of bio fuel cells.Figure 11.4 Diagrammatic representation of product type system. (a) Fermenter no...Figure 11.5 Mediated electron transfer and direct electron transfer process, (a)...Figure 11.6 Photo microbial biofuel cell.Figure 11.7 Different stages of fabrication of: (a) the microelectrode array, (b...

10 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 Double chamber biofuel cell with bio anode and bio cathode.Figure 12.2 ORR pathways and their thermodynamic potentials.Figure 12.3 Summary of possible ORR pathways through different mechanisms.Figure 12.4 Typical polarisation curve featuring important zones and parameters ...Figure 12.5 (a) RRDE voltammograms at 1,600 rpm and 10 mV/s (b) Variation of num...Figure 12.6 Classification of cathode catalysts in biofuel cell.Figure 12.7 (a) RDE curves of MnO2/CNTs nanohybrids with mass content of CNTs 40...

11 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Basic schematic of a microbial desalination cell.Figure 13.2 Air cathode microbial desalination cell (adapted from Mehanna et al....Figure 13.3 Biocathode microbial desalination cell (adapted from Wen et al. [22]...Figure 13.4 Stacked microbial desalination cell (adapted from Kim & Logan [24]).Figure 13.5 Recirculation microbial desalination cell (adapted from Qu et al. [4...Figure 13.6 Microbial electrolysis and desalination and chemical production cell...Figure 13.7 Capacitive microbial desalination cell (adapted from Forrestal et al...Figure 13.8 Upflow microbial desalination cell (adapted from Jacobson et al. [31...Figure 13.9 Osmotic microbial fuel cell (adapted from Zhang & He [32]).Figure 13.10 Bipolar membrane microbial desalination cell (adapted from Kim & Lo...Figure 13.11 Decoupled microbial fuel cell.Figure 13.12 Separator Coupled Stacked Circulation microbial desalination cell (...

12 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 First fuel cell appratus. Ox and hy represents oxygen and hydrogen. ...Figure 14.2 Electrochemical reaction take place at electrodes; fuel is added fro...Figure 14.3 A complex bipolar fuel cell stacking arranged vertically each cell h...Figure 14.4 Structures of MCFC. Modified from Reference [45].Figure 14.5 Schematic diagram of PEMFC with combination of DMFC hydrogen from an...Figure 14.6 Schematic diagram DMFC. Modified from Reference [34].Figure 14.7 Schematic diagram of AKFC. Modified from reference [45].Figure 14.8 Schematic diagram of MFCs. Modified from Ref. [60].Figure 14.9 A model of single and double-chambered MFC. Modified from Ref. [76].Figure 14.10 Schematic showing the aerobic and anaerobic chamber of MFC and high...Figure 14.11 Working principle of a MFCs. In the anode chamber, MED (mediators) ...Figure 14.12 In the anode chamber, transfer of electrons from electron donor (su...Figure 14.13 Generalized scheme of enzymatic biofuel cell. Anode is catalyzed by...Figure 14.14 Schematic representation of GBFC. Modified from Ref. [118].Figure 14.15 Single-walled carbon nanotubes based GBFC. Modified from Ref. [117]...

13 Chapter 15Figure 15.1 Conceptual framework for biofuel cells towards sustainability.

14 Chapter 16Figure 16.1 MFC cathode chambers along with possible electron acceptors.

15 Chapter 17Figure 17.1 Hydrogen/oxygen fuel cell.Figure 17.2 Schematic diagram of a typical two chambered Microbial Fuel Cell (MF...Figure 17.3 Enzymatic biofuel cell (Mediator electron transfer based).

List of Tables

1 Chapter 1 Table 1.1 Cell potential for typical reactions with microbial bioanode, and a mi... Table 1.2 Examples of microbial biocatalysts in the form of pure cultures and co... Table 1.3 Mechanism for extracellular electron transfer at the interface microor... Table 1.4 Types of proteins involved in the EET in Geobacter sp. and Shewanella ...

2 Chapter 4Table 4.1 Summary of energy sources, corresponding enzymes and their cofactors. ...Table 4.2 Nanomaterials used for the immobilization of enzymes by different meth...

3 Chapter 5Table 5.1 An overview of performance of MFC with different anode, cathode materi...

4 Chapter 9Table 9.1 The material used for the fabrication of electrode and photoelectrode ...

5 Chapter 12Table 12.1 Various terminal electron acceptors in MFCs and EFCs.

6 Chapter 14Table 14.1 Characteristics of different fuel cells.

7 Chapter 15Table 15.1 Membrane-less biofuel cell performances.Table 15.2 Secondary sources as a substrate for bioelectricity generation and po...

8 Chapter 16Table 16.1 Various anode materials along with their advantages and disadvantages...

Guide

1 Cover

2 Table of Contents

3 Title Page

4 Copyright

5 Preface

6 Begin Reading

7 Index

8 Also of Interest

9 End User License Agreement

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