Atlas of Endoscopic Ultrasonography

11 Index

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1 Chapter 3 Table 3.1 Mediastinal lymph node stations with their anatomical correlations...

2 Chapter 8 Table 8.1 Anatomical structures and abbreviations. Table 8.2 Normal sphincter values. This is highly dependent on age, sex, and...

3 Chapter 9Table 9.1 American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging of esophageal ca...

4 Chapter 13Table 13.1 American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) Staging: TNM classifica...Table 13.2 Ann Arbor staging system for gastrointestinal lymphomas.

5 Chapter 14Table 14.1 Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) characteristics of gastric and esopha...Table 14.2 Extrinsic compression of the esophagus and stomach.

6 Chapter 25Table 25.1 Demographics and characteristics of pancreatic cystic neoplasms.

7 Chapter 27Table 27.1 The Rosemont Criteria.Table 27.2 The Rosemont diagnostic stratification.

8 Chapter 30Table 30.1 TNM staging system for lung cancer (7th edition).

9 Chapter 34Table 34.1 Summary of EUS‐guided ablation trials (only studies with a prospe...

10 Chapter 39Table 39.1 Correlation of endoscopic appearance of peptic or anastomotic ulc...

11 Chapter 45Table 45.1 Outcomes of EUS‐PDD.

12 Chapter 46Table 46.1 Currently available LAMS on the market.

13 Chapter 48Table 48.1 Elastographic pattern classification.Table 48.2 Elastographic quantitative evaluation.

14 Chapter 50Table 50.1 EUS‐guided radiofrequency ablation for treatment of pNETs: litera...Table 50.2 EUS‐guided ethanol injection for treatment of pNETs: literature r...

1 Chapter 1 Figure 1.1 Visible Human Model of esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. The gree... Figure 1.2 Visible Human Model of esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. The red ... Figure 1.3 Transaxial cross‐section of digital anatomy taken at the level of... Figure 1.4 Sagittal cross‐section of digital anatomy at the level of the gas... Figure 1.5 Visible Human Model of an image plane that is in the location in ... Figure 1.6 The cross‐sectional anatomy within the plane shown in Figure 1.3.... Figure 1.7 Visible Human Model with a plane that is in a location similar to... Figure 1.8 Cross‐sectional anatomy generated within the plane shown in Figur... Figure 1.9 Endobronchial view of the carina, showing the right (RMB) and lef... Figure 1.10 Endobronchial view of the first branch of the right mainstem bro... Figure 1.11 Endobronchial view of the bifurcation of the bronchus intermediu... Figure 1.12 Endobronchial view of bifurcation of the left mainstem bronchus ... Figure 1.13 A Visible Human Model of the bronchial tree.

2 Chapter 2 Figure 2.1 (a) Radial array image of esophageal wall with small echolayer II... Figure 2.2 Radial array image at gastroesophageal (GE) junction. IVC, inferi... Figure 2.3 Radial array image at the level of the left atrium. PV, pulmonary... Figure 2.4 Radial array image at the level of the mitral valve. Figure 2.5 Radial array image at the level of the aortic root. Figure 2.6 Radial array image at the level of the azygos arch. Figure 2.7 Radial array image at the mid aortic arch. Figure 2.8 Radial array image at the level of the left carotid and subclavia... Figure 2.9 Radial array image at the level of the thyroid. Figure 2.10 Linear array image at the mid aorta. Figure 2.11 Linear array image at the level of the celiac artery. Figure 2.12 Linear array image at the aortic root. Figure 2.13 Linear array image at the aortopulmonary window (APW). PA, pulmo...

3 Chapter 3 Figure 3.1 Mediastinal lymph node stations. Figure 3.2 Types of echoendoscopes: (a) linear probe; (b) endobronchial prob... Figure 3.3 Lymph node at station 8 (between calipers). Figure 3.4 Subcarinal station (station 7). Figure 3.5 Aortopulmonary window station (stations 4L, 5 and 6). AO, aorta; ... Figure 3.6 Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) images of common mediastinal stat...

4 Chapter 4 Figure 4.1 Circumferential image of the gastric wall after filling and diste... Figure 4.2 Five‐layer structure of the gastric wall demonstrating a relative... Figure 4.3 Five‐layer structure of the gastric wall obtained with an electro... Figure 4.4 Nine‐layer structure of the gastric wall obtained with a 20 MHz c...

5 Chapter 5 Figure 5.1 Bile duct as visualized from the duodenal bulb (radial echoendosc... Figure 5.2 Bile duct followed towards the head of the pancreas from the duod... Figure 5.3 Gallbladder from the duodenal bulb (radial echoendoscope). CBD, c... Figure 5.4 Bile duct and pancreatic duct from the second portion of the duod... Figure 5.5 Common hepatic duct and cystic duct as visualized from the duoden... Figure 5.6 Bile duct and pancreatic duct from the second portion of the duod...

6 Chapter 6 Figure 6.1 Radial EUS: pancreatic body and portal/splenic vein confluence. P... Figure 6.2 Radial EUS: portal/splenic vein confluence. PV, portal vein; SMA,... Figure 6.3 Radial EUS: pancreas tail. PD, pancreatic duct; SA, splenic arter... Figure 6.4 Radial EUS: pancreas tail. Figure 6.5 Radial EUS: pancreas neck. PD, pancreatic duct; PV, portal vein; ... Figure 6.6 Radial EUS: head of pancreas. DP, dorsal pancreas; VP, ventral pa... Figure 6.7 Radial EUS: ampulla. Figure 6.8 Radial EUS: head of pancreas. CBD, common bile duct; PD, pancreat... Figure 6.9 Radial EUS: head of pancreas, vasculature. CBD, common bile duct;... Figure 6.10 Radial EUS: head of pancreas. CBD, common bile duct; PD, pancrea... Figure 6.11 Linear EUS: pancreas body. PD, pancreatic duct; SA, splenic arte... Figure 6.12 Linear EUS: pancreas tail. PD, pancreatic duct; SV, splenic vein... Figure 6.13 Linear EUS: ampulla. Figure 6.14 Linear EUS: head of pancreas. CBD, common bile duct; PD, pancrea...

7 Chapter 7 Figure 7.1 Image of the liver scanned by radial ultrasound. Figure 7.2 Celiac artery imaging by linear ultrasound. Figure 7.3 Image of liver by linear ultrasound. Figure 7.4 Image of spleen by radial ultrasound. Figure 7.5 Image of spleen by linear ultrasound. Figure 7.6 Image of left kidney by radial ultrasound. Figure 7.7 Image of left kidney by linear ultrasound. Figure 7.8 Image of left adrenal gland by radial ultrasound. Figure 7.9 Image of left adrenal gland by linear ultrasound.

8 Chapter 8 Figure 8.1 (a) Levator ani muscle with the puborectal part (PR) in between m... Figure 8.2 Internal anal sphincter (echo‐poor) and external anal sphincter (...

9 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Distal esophageal adenocarcinoma shown to be T1a on pathology. (a...Figure 9.2 T1b adenocarcinoma in a background of Barrett’s esophagus at the ...Figure 9.3 (a) T1b adenocarcinoma at the gastroesophageal junction with cent...Figure 9.4 (a) T2N1Mx lesion, squamous cell cancer with ulceration 24 cm fro...Figure 9.5 (a) T2N0Mx lesion, adenocarcinoma of lower thoracic esophagus inv...Figure 9.6 T3N3Mx lesion, adenocarcinoma involving the lower thoracic esopha...Figure 9.7 (a) T3N1Mx adenocarcinoma with friable mass at the gastroesophage...Figure 9.8 T4a lesion, adenocarcinoma in lower thoracic esophagus invading t...Figure 9.9 T4b lesion, squamous cell cancer in upper thoracic esophagus inva...

10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 The muscularis propria is divided into two layers, the outer lon...Figure 10.2 Normal esophageal wall layer pattern. Normal thickness of muscul...Figure 10.3 Thickening of the circular muscle wall layer to 3 mm in a patien...Figure 10.4 Thickening of the circular muscle wall layer to an average of 2....Figure 10.5 Thickening of the circular muscle wall layer to an average of 3....Figure 10.6 Thickening of the circular muscle wall layer to an average of 3....Figure 10.7 Uniform thickening of the circular muscle wall layer to an avera...

11 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 American Thoracic Society staging diagram for posterior mediasti...Figure 11.2 Metastatic posterior mediastinal melanoma. Endoscopic ultrasound...Figure 11.3 Renal cell cancer metastasis. The lesion was identified slightly...Figure 11.4 Lung cancer mass. Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided fine needle aspir...Figure 11.5 Malignant lymph node. The needle is within the rounded, well‐dem...