Climate Impacts on Sustainable Natural Resource Management

D.K.D.A. Ranaweera Department of Geography University of Sri Jayewardenepura Nugegoda, Sri Lanka

Abhishek Ranjan GIS Centre, Forest Research Institute (FRI) PO: New Forest, Dehradun ‐ 248006, India Email: ranjanabhishek2010@gmail.com

P. RatheeshMon HSST (Jr) at Department of General Education Kerala, India Email: ratheesh.panampatta@gmail.com

Shidharth Routh Department of Civil Engineering Haldia Institute of Technology P.O HIT, HIT College Rd Kshudiram Nagar Haldia West Bengal ‐ 721657, India Email: sidrouth@gmail.com

Arijit Roy Disaster Management Studies Department Indian Institute of Remote Sensing ISRO Kalidas Road Dehradun ‐ 248001, India

Shridhar Samant Assistant Professor School of Rural Development Tata Institute of Social Sciences Tuljapur, India Email: samant.tiss@gmail.com

K.U.J. Sandamali Department of Spatial Sciences Faculty of Built Environment and Spatial Sciences General Sir John Kotelawala Defense University Southern Campus Sooriyawewa, Sri Lanka Email: janakisandamali@gmail.com

Abhisek Santra Department of Civil Engineering Haldia Institute of Technology P.O HIT, HIT College Rd Kshudiram Nagar Haldia West Bengal ‐ 721657, India Email: avisek.santra@gmail.com

Shreyashi Santra Mitra Department of Civil Engineering Haldia Institute of Technology P.O HIT, HIT College Rd Kshudiram Nagar Haldia West Bengal ‐ 721657, India Email: shreyashi.mitra@gmail.com

Shafiyoddin B. Sayyad Microwave and Imaging Spectroscopy Research Laboratory Department of Physics and Computer Science Milliya Arts, Science and Management Science College Beed Maharashtra ‐ 431122, India Email: syedsb@rediffmail.com

Martiwi Diah Setiawati Institute for Future Initiatives The University of Tokyo 7‐3‐1 Hongo Bunkyo‐ku Tokyo ‐ 113‐8654, Japan Email: martiwi1802@gmail.comTel: +81358411541 and Research Center for Oceanography Indonesian Institute of Sciences Jl. Pasir Putih IEast Ancol Jakarta ‐ 14430, Indonesia Email: martiwi1802@gmail.com

Saima Siddiqui Department of Geography University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan

Saima Siddiqui Department of Geography University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan

Devi Dayal Sinha International Rice Research Institute Plot No. 340/C Saheed Nagar Bhubaneswar ‐ 751 001, India

Immad Ahmad Shah Division of Agricultural Statistics Sher‐e‐Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir Shalimar Srinagar J&K ‐ 190025, India

Mudassar A. Shaikh Department of Electronic Science New Arts Commerce and Science College Ahmednagar (Autonomous) Maharashtra ‐ 414001, India Email: mudassarshaikh333@gmail.com

Alireza Sharifi Department of Surveying Engineering Faculty of Civil Engineering Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University Tehran ‐ 16785 ‐136, Iran Email: a_sharifi@sru.ac.ir

Shikha Sharma Institute of Science Department of Botany Banaras Hindu University Varanasi ‐ 221005, India and Disaster Management Studies Department Indian Institute of Remote Sensing ISRO Kalidas Road Dehradun ‐ 248001, India Email: shikha.sharma190@gmail.com

H.P. Singh Department of Agricultural Economics Institute of Agricultural Sciences Banaras Hindu University Varanasi ‐ 221005, India Email: hpsgautam@gmail.com

Hukum Singh Forest Ecology and Climate Change Division Forest Research Institute Dehradun Uttarakhand, India Email: hukumsingh97@yahoo.comm

Rakesh Singh Department of Agricultural Economics Institute of Agricultural Sciences Banaras Hindu University Varanasi ‐ 221005, India Email: rsingh66bhu@gmail.com

Ram Kumar Singh Department of Natural Resources, TERI School of Advanced Studies, 10 Institutional Area Vasant Kunj New Delhi ‐ 110070, India Email: singhramkumar@gmail.com

Shani Kumar Singh Department of Extension Education Institute of Agricultural Sciences Banaras Hindu University Varanasi ‐ 221005, India Email: shanik.singh10@bhu.ac.in

Satoshi Tsuyuki Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences The University of Tokyo, 1‐1‐1 Yayoi Bunkyo‐ku Tokyo ‐ 113‐8657, Japan Email: tsuyuki@fr.a.u‐tokyo.ac.jp

Aqil Tariq State key Laboratory of Information Engineering in Surveying Mapping and Remote Sensing (LIESMARS) Wuhan University Wuhan, China

Keshav Tyagi GIS Centre, Forest Research Institute (FRI) PO: New Forest Dehradun ‐ 248006, India Email: keshav93tyagi@gmail.com

Akhlaq Amin Wani (✉) (Corresponding Author) Division of Natural Resource Management Faculty of Forestry Sher‐e‐Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir Benhama Ganderbal, J&K ‐ 191201, India Email: akhlaqwani@gmail.com.

Pakhriazad Hassan Zaki Department of Forestry Science & Biodiversity Faculty of Forestry and Environment Universiti Putra, Malaysia Email: pakhriazad@upm.edu.my

Climate change refers to any distinct behavior in measures of climate such as temperature, rainfall, snow, or wind patterns lasting for decades. Over the past several years, the international and national research communities have developed a progressively clearer picture of how and why Earth's climate is changing and of the impacts of climate change on a wide range of human and environmental systems. Natural resources and their management form a critical interface between climate change and development. The impacts of climate change can affect the quality and reliability of many of the services that natural resources provide. On the other hand, natural resources play an important role in greenhouse gas mitigation and also serve as a first line of defense against climate change.

This book covers a wide range of strategies that can be applied to various sectors, from forest productivity to climate change threat on natural resources. Its aim, as with resource management itself, is to combine economics, policy, and science to help rehabilitate and preserve our natural resources. This book provides a comprehensive compilation of sustainable natural resource management, determinants of forest productivity, agriculture and climate change impact, water management and control of salinity, climate change threat on natural resources, and vulnerability due to climate change. I believe that this book serves as an opportunity for scientists who are internationally renowned in their fields, addressing issues and interests of academics and other stakeholders engaged in applied science.

I congratulate the editors, the contributors across the country, and the publisher for bringing out timely publication depicting climate impact on natural resource management and hope that this important book shall serve as a reference for different institutions working in this area.

Dr. Arvind Kumar

Vice‐Chancellor

Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University

Gwalior Road, Jhansi 284 003 (UP) India

Climate change is one of the major global concerns in today's world. Assessment of the relationship between natural resources and climatic drivers along with the assessment of probable impacts of climate change on natural resources is essentially required to develop mitigation and adaptation strategies. Statistics show that the average surface temperature of planet Earth has increased by about 1.18 °C since the late nineteenth century. Apart from this, the sea level has also increased by about 8 inches since the last century. Any further increase in the global temperature and sea‐level rise would have a significant negative impact on the majority of natural resources and human well‐being. Global climate change that is mostly driven by human‐induced activities needs to be understood clearly so that strategies can be planned for an early action before it is too late. Thus it is quite evident that we need to be serious when dealing with the consequences of climate change. Updated and timely information on the changing flux of solar radiation, atmospheric warming, patterns and variations in precipitation, trends of increasing CO 2concentration, etc. are essential to keep track of changing climate. The pathways that are linked to climate change such as different socio‐economic activities, burning of fossil fuels, land‐use change, forest cover change dynamics, health estimates of agriculture and forested lands, the productivity of agriculture and forestry systems, etc. provide essential insight to develop a sustainable plan for the management of natural resources.