Claire Boyd - Medicine Management Skills for Nurses

1 Cover

2 Series Page

3 Title Page

4 Copyright Page

5 Preface

6 Introduction

7 Acknowledgements

8 The 24‐Hour Clock

9 Chapter 1: DRUG ADMINISTRATION PROFESSIONALISM PROFESSIONAL JUDGEMENT MEDICATION ERRORS LATIN ABBREVIATIONS MEDICAL ABBREVIATIONS DRUG WASTAGE MEDICATION PROCESS COMPLEMENTARY MEDICATION PAEDIATRIC PATIENTS ADMINISTERING DRUGS SAFELY TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE WEB RESOURCES REFERENCE

10 Chapter 2: PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS ABSORPTION DRUG DISTRIBUTION DRUG METABOLISM DRUG EXCRETION DRUG INTERACTIONS ANAPHYLAXIS TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE WEB RESOURCES

11 Chapter 3: DRUGS AND MEDICINES WHAT'S THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A DRUG AND A MEDICINE? CATEGORIES OF MEDICINE MEDICATION DIRECTIONS GENERIC PRESCRIBING TYPES OF MEDICINE MEDICINE STORAGE VACCINES LEGISLATION ADMINISTRATION OF DRUGS TO PATIENTS WHO REFUSE TREATMENT TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE WEB RESOURCES

12 Chapter 4: CALCULATIONS FOR WORKING OUT DOSAGES DRUG DOSAGES FOR TABLETS AND CAPSULES DRUG DOSAGES FOR INJECTION (AND ANY LIQUID MEDICATION) INFUSION DEVICES SYRINGE DRIVERS AMBULATORY SYRINGE DRIVERS GRAVITY‐FEED DRIP RATES (DROPS PER MINUTE) DURATION OF INFUSION DRUGS ACCORDING TO BODY WEIGHT SETTING PUMPS TO RUN AT MILLILITRES PER HOUR TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE WEB RESOURCES

13 Chapter 5: ORAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION THE PRESCRIPTION CHART ORAL ROUTES SOLID ORAL MEDICINES LIQUID MEDICATIONS SERVICE USERS SELF‐ADMINISTRATION OF DRUGS CONTROLLED DRUGS CHECKING MEDICATIONS FOR CHILDREN ADMINISTRATION TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE WEB RESOURCES

14 Chapter 6: ADMINISTRATION OF INJECTIONS REASONS FOR ADMINISTERING MEDICATION BY INJECTION PARENTERAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION DEPOT INJECTIONS SYRINGES NEEDLES INJECTIONS TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE WEB RESOURCES REFERENCES

15 Chapter 7: ADMINISTRATION OF RECTAL AND VAGINAL PREPARATIONS INSERTION OF VAGINAL PESSARIES INSERTION OF RECTAL MEDICINES TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE WEB RESOURCES

16 Chapter 8: ADMINISTRATION OF TOPICAL PREPARATIONS APPLYING CREAMS AND OINTMENTS TRANSDERMAL PATCHES EYE DROPS EYE OINTMENT EAR DROPS NOSE DROPS TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE WEB RESOURCES

17 Chapter 9: ADMINISTRATION OF INHALATION MEDICATIONS AND NEBULISERS NEBULISATION AEROSOLISATION TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE WEB RESOURCES

18 Chapter 10: ADMINISTRATION OF INTRAVENOUS FLUIDS TYPES OF FLUID REPLACEMENT DEHYDRATION RISK TO THE PATIENT COMPLICATIONS OF IV THERAPY ADDING MEDICATIONS TO BAGS OF FLUID EQUIPMENT BLOOD PRODUCTS INFUSION DEVICES PRESCRIPTIONS PREPARATION OF INTRAVENOUS FLUIDS PROCEDURE FOR DISCONNECTION OF INTRAVENOUS INFUSION TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE WEB RESOURCES REFERENCE

19 Chapter 11: ADMINISTRATION OF INTRAVENOUS BOLUS MEDICATIONS ADVANTAGES OF IV BOLUS INJECTIONS SALINE FLUSHES DISADVANTAGES OF IV BOLUS INJECTIONS AMOXICILLIN ADMINISTRATION IN NEONATES DISPLACEMENT SPEED SHOCK TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE WEB RESOURCES REFERENCE

20 Chapter 12: ADMINISTRATION OF CONTINUOUS INTRAVENOUS INFUSIONS ADVANTAGES OF CONTINUOUS INTRAVENOUS INFUSION DISADVANTAGES OF CONTINUOUS INTRAVENOUS INFUSION CALCULATING THE RATE DIABETIC EMERGENCIES TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE WEB RESOURCES

21 Chapter 13: ADMINISTRATION VIA PERCUTANEOUS ENDOSCOPIC GASTROSTOMY, PERCUTANEOUS ENDOSCOPIC JEJUNOSTOMY, OR NASOGASTRIC TUBE MEDICATION ADVICE FROM THE NPSA PLACEMENT OF TUBES PARENTERAL NUTRITION ENTERAL FEEDING REGIMES NASOGASTRIC CARE PLAN TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE WEB RESOURCES RESOURCES

22 Chapter 14: OXYGEN THERAPY RESPIRATION ADMINISTERING THE OXYGEN DETERIORATING PATIENTS SIGNS OF RESPIRATORY DETERIORATION OXYGEN CYLINDERS APPROACH TO MONITORING CASE STUDY TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE WEB RESOURCES

23 Chapter 15: DRUGS AND SPECIFIC MEDICAL CONDITIONS ASPIRIN AND NSAIDs PARACETAMOL MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS THE CO‐DRUGS DRUGS USED IN SPECIFIC MEDICAL CONDITIONS TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE WEB RESOURCES

24 Chapter 16: PAIN MANAGEMENT EFFECTS OF PAIN NOW FOR THE SCIENCE BIT PAIN GATE THEORY CLASSIFICATIONS OF PAIN ASSESSMENT OF PAIN STRATEGIES TO MANAGE PAIN ANALGESIC LADDER MORPHINE BALANCED ANALGESIA PALLIATIVE CARE TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE WEB RESOURCES REFERENCES

25 Chapter 17: CASE STUDY NOTES ON PATIENTS' MEDICAL CONDITIONS, MEDICATION, AND POSSIBLE SIDE‐EFFECTS TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE WEB RESOURCES

26 Chapter 18: KNOWLEDGE TEST

27 Answers to Activities, Questions, and ‘Test Your Knowledge’

28 Appendix 1: SPECIFIC COMPETENCIES: MEDICINES MANAGEMENT KNOWLEDGE ADMINISTRATION HANDLING OF CONTROLLED DRUGS (FOR FIRST LEVEL REGISTERED NURSES). THIS SECTION DOES NOT APPLY TO NURSING ASSOCIATES RAPID TRANQUILLISATION (FOR FIRST LEVEL REGISTERED NURSES) – THIS SECTION DOES NOT APPLY TO NURSING ASSOCIATES

29 Appendix 2: A TYPICAL PRESCRIPTION CHART

30 Index

31 End User License Agreement

1 Chapter 1 Table 1.1 CAMS. Table 1.2 Drugs which may contribute to falls. Table 1.3 Seven key actions to improve medication safety. Table 1.4 Medicine name suffixes.

2 Chapter 2 Table 2.1 Foods and the drugs affected due to the influence on drug metaboli...Table 2.2 A selection of drugs and some of their reported side effects.

3 Chapter 3Table 3.1 Categories of medicine.Table 3.2 Systemic medicines.Table 3.3 Topical medicines.Table 3.4 Top 100 most prescribed medications in UK hospitals.

4 Chapter 4Table 4.1 Infusion devises and administration of drugs.

5 Chapter 5Table 5.1 Drugs that may be difficult to swallow.Table 5.2 Liquid medications.

6 Chapter 6Table 6.1 Vaccines.Table 6.2 Covid 19 vaccine development.

7 Chapter 7Table 7.1 Procedure for administering a vaginal pessary.Table 7.2 Procedure for DRE.Table 7.3 Procedure for administering enemas and suppositories.

8 Chapter 8Table 8.1 Amount of cream to use for an adult.Table 8.2 Amount of cream to use for a child.Table 8.3 Systemic diseases manifesting their diagnostic features in the ski...Table 8.4 Procedure for applying creams and ointments.Table 8.5 Procedure for applying eye drops.Table 8.6 Procedure for applying ear drops.Table 8.7 Procedure for applying nose drops or sprays.

9 Chapter 10Table 10.1 Intracellular and extracellular fluids.Table 10.2 Electrolyte ranges.

10 Chapter 11Table 11.1 Dilution and rates for administering amoxicillin.Table 11.2 Instructions for administering amoxicillin to a neonate.

11 Chapter 13Table 13.1 Enteral feeding tubes.Table 13.2 An example of an enteral feeding regime.Table 13.3 Procedure and equipment for nasogastric intubation.

12 Chapter 15Table 15.1 Some co‐drugs.Table 15.2 Stroke risk factors.

13 Chapter 16Table 16.1 Drugs commonly used in syringe drivers.

1 Chapter 2 Figure 2.1 How a drug may be given by the enteral route of absorption. Figure 2.2 How a drug may be given by the parenteral route of absorption. Figure 2.3 How a drug may be given by the inhalation route of absorption.

2 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 A syringe driver.Figure 4.2 Gravity‐feed drip.

3 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 (a) Cutting and (b) crushing a tablet.Figure 5.2 A plastic measuring pot and a wax tablet pot.Figure 5.3 An oral syringe.Figure 5.4 Page 2 of a patient's prescription chart, completed by a doctor. ...

4 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 A syringe.Figure 6.2 An oral syringe.Figure 6.3 A Luer‐lock syringe.Figure 6.4 An eccentric Luer‐slip syringe.Figure 6.5 A concentric Luer‐slip syringe.Figure 6.6 Reading the meniscus on a syringe.Figure 6.7 A bevelled needle.Figure 6.8 (a) Anterior and (b) posterior views of the major muscles of the ...Figure 6.9 Sites recommended for subcutaneous injections (Elkin et al. 2007)...Figure 6.10 Sharps boxes.

5 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Bristol stool chart.

6 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 One fingertip unit.Figure 8.2 Applying eye drops.

7 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 A spacer device.Figure 9.2 A large‐volume spacer.Figure 9.3 A Turbohaler inhaler.Figure 9.4 A metered‐dose inhaler.Figure 9.5 An Easi‐Breathe inhaler.Figure 9.6 A HandiHaler inhaler.Figure 9.7 An Accuhaler inhaler.