1.3.4. Computational analysis
The set of instances used for the 3L-CVRP is available at http://www.or.deis.unibo.it/research.htmland was introduced by Gendreau et al . (2006). There are in total 27 3L-CVRP instances available on the web which provide an interesting test bed for the comparison of different heuristic and metaheuristic solutions. The vehicle characteristics are W = 25, H = 30 and L = 60, respectively. The demand of each customer is between 1 and 3. The capacity of vehicles is 0.75.
Table 1.2. Comparative study of the 3L-CVRP
Author |
Problem |
Routing problem |
Loading problem |
|
|
Solution methods |
Solution methods |
Gendreau et al . (2006) Apile et al . (2007) Tarantilis et al . (2009) Fuellerer et al . (2010) Ren et al . (2011) Massen et al . (2012) Bortfeldt (2012) Wisniewski et al . (2011) Zhu et al . (2012) Miao et al . (2012) Ruan et al . (2013) Bortfeldt and Homberger-2013 Tao and Wang (2015) Junqueira etal. (2013) Hokima et al . (2016) Vega et al . (2020) Moura (2008) Moura and Oliveira (2009) Zhang et al . (2017) Moura et al . (2019) Vega et al . (2019) Ceschia etal. (2013) Pace etal. (2015) Pollaris et al . (2017) Bortfeldt et al . (2015) Koch et al . (2018) Reil et al . (2018) Koch et al . (2020) Bartok and Imreh (2011) Mannel and Bortfeldt (2016) Yi and Bortfeldt (2016) Li et al . (2018) Bortfeldt and Yi (2020) |
3L-CVRP 3L-CVRP 3L-CVRP 3L-CVRP 3L-CVRP 3L-CVRP 3L-CVRP 3L-CVRP 3L-CVRP 3L-CVRP 3L-CVRP 3L-CVRP 3L-CVRP 3L-CVRP 3L-CVRP 3L-CVRP 3L-CVRPTW 3L-CVRPTW 3L-CVRPTW 3L-CVRPTW 3L-CVRPTW 3L-HCVRP 3L-HFCVRPTW CVRP with pallet loading and axle weight constraints 3L-VRPB 3L-VRPBTW 3L-VRPBTW 3L-VRPMB 3L-VRPPD 3L-VRPD 3L-SDVRP 3L-SDVRP 3L-SDVRP |
TS SA LS-GLS ACO Branch-and- bound black box algorithm TS TS TS GA HBMO P1R2 TS integer linear programming model Branch-and-Cut GRASP-CWS GA LS, GRASP TS-ABC MILP NLMIP LNS ILS and SA ILS LNS/VNS LNS TS TS LS LNS TS Data-driven 3-layer GA-LS |
TS SA LS-GLS ACO Branch-and-bound black box algorithm TRSA bottom-left Deepest-Bottom-Left-Fill heuristic and the Maximum Touching Area TS six heuristics P1R2 least waste algorithm Branch-and-Cut GRASP-CWS GA LS, GRASP TS-ABC MILP NLMIP LNS ILS and SA ILS TSH LNS TS TS LS TSH TS Data-driven 3-layer GA-LS |
1.4. Perspectives on future research
In this review, the last decade of publications related to the combination VRP with 2/3D loading problems with additional variants and constraints has been surveyed. A comparative study of the existing optimization methods such as exact, heuristic and metaheuristic is described. These promising research areas give the opportunity for solving real-world problems in transportation. Given the importance of this problem, it still remains a challenge. However, future research could extend on the 2L-CVRP with multi-objective optimization. In addition, the 2L-VRP has been studied on the static case in which all information is known at the time of the planning routes. However, in most real-life applications, new customer requests can happen over time and thus trouble the optimal routing schedule that was originally invented. Therefore, the problem can be studied in the dynamic case.
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