A. Kayode Coker - Chemical Process Engineering Volume 1

6 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 Centrifugal pump increases process head by adding energy to a fluid. ...Figure 6.2 Turbine pump (Courtesy of Roth Pump Co.).Figure 6.3 Head required to produce similar pressures is higher for lower densit...Figure 6.4 Impeller types Open impeller for corrosive or abrasive slurries and s...Figure 6.5 Stuffing box details lined pump with porcelain or Teflon® shaft sleev...Figure 6.6 General service centrifugal pump (Courtesy of Dean Brothers Pumps, In...Figure 6.7 Cut-a-way section of single-stage pump Part 1 (above) enclosed type i...Figure 6.8 Comparison of impeller types for centrifugal pump performance (Adapte...Figure 6.9 Performance of turbine type centrifugal pump (Courtesy of Roy E. Roth...Figure 6.10 Characteristics of a centrifugal pump are described by the pump perf...Figure 6.11 Impeller performance guide. Wrap refers to curvature of vanes on imp...Figure 6.12 Motor driven centrifugal pump for the pre-flashed crude in the crude...Figure 6.13 Main distillation tower and a mild vacuum column with associated cen...Figure 6.14a Typical centrifugal pump curves (Adapted by permission from Allis-C...Figure 6.14b Typical performance curves showing NPSHR in convenient form (By per...Figure 6.14c Exact same pump casing and impellers at different shaft speeds (By ...Figure 6.15a Comparison of columns of various liquids to register 43.3 psig on p...Figure 6.15b Comparison of columns of various liquids to register 3.0 barg on pr...Figure 6.16 Suction head system.Figure 6.17 Suction lift system.Figure 6.18 Static pressure losses occur as the fluid travels into the pump suct...Figure 6.19 NPSHA equals 20 ft. [27].Figure 6.20 NPSHR increases with flow [27].Figure 6.21 Subcooling increases NPSHA [27].Figure 6.22 (a) Cavitation damage has occurred on an impeller and (b) Erosion - ...Figure 6.23 Liquid vortex in vessel and suggested design of vortex breaker.Figure 6.24 NPSH reductions for pumps handling hydrocarbon liquids and high temp...Figure 6.25 Head, NPSHR vs. flow rate [25].Figure 6.26 Net Positive Suction Head for High Pressure Centrifugal Hot – Water ...Figure 6.27 Temperature Correction Chart for Net Positive Suction Head Requireme...Figure 6.28 Impeller designs and corresponding specific speed range (By permissi...Figure 6.29 Upper limits of specific speeds for single suction overhung impeller...Figure 6.30 Upper limits of specific speeds for single suction, mixed and axial ...Figure 6.31 Typical centrifugal pump characteristic curve with auxiliary specifi...Figure 6.32 System head curves for single pump installation.Figure 6.33 Typical suction systems.Figure 6.34 Typical discharge systems.Figure 6.35 System head curves for variable static head.Figure 6.36 System head using two different pipe sizes in the same line.Figure 6.37 Relation of seed change to pump characteristics.Figure 6.38 Piping and equipment layout for the suction and discharge lines to t...Figure 6.39 Process flow diagram of the debutanizer pump accumulator unit 1000.Figure 6.40 Excel spreadsheet pump calculation sheet of Example 6.9 (In Excel Fo...Figure 6.41 Pump efficiency calculation at varying flow rate for a 6-in. impelle...Figure 6.42 Pump efficiency calculation at varying flow rate for an 8-in. impell...Figure 6.43a Centrifugal pump specification.Figure 6.43b Centrifugal pump calculation.Figure 6.44 General service duplex steam – driven piston pump (Courtesy of Worth...Figure 6.45 Duplex double – acting plunger pump, power driven (Courtesy of Worth...Figure 6.46 Reciprocating pump discharge flow patterns (Courtesy of the Aldrich ...Figure 6.47 Horizontal direct-acting steam pump or power pump.Figure 6.48 A conceptual diagram of P-100 with the variables.Figure 6.49 PFD of a centrifugal pump (Courtesy of UniSim Design R443, Honeywell...Figure 6.50 Head vs flow rate of a centrifugal pump (Courtesy of UniSim Design R...Figure 6.51 Efficiency vs. flow rate of a centrifugal pump (Courtesy of UniSim D...Figure 6.52 Screenshot of the PFD of a centrifugal pump (Courtesy of UniSim Desi...Figure 6.53 Screenshot of the Simulation results of centrifugal pump P-100 (Cour...Figure 6.54 80 Screenshot of the Process flow diagram of the piping network from...Figure 6.55 Screenshot of the Isometric diagram of the piping network from the s...Figure 6.56 Screenshot of the Centrifugal pump characteristics curves (Source: P...Figure 6.57 Screenshot of the Pump data sheet of N-S centrifugal pump (Source: P...Figure 6.58a General areas of compressing equipment application (Source: De Jard...Figure 6.58b Approximate ranges of application for usual process reciprocating c...Figure 6.58c Typical application ranges for turbocompressor capabilities extend ...Figure 6.58d Basic compressor types (Used by permission: Coker, A. K. Hydrocarbo...Figure 6.58e Types of compressors.Figure 6.59 Reciprocating compressor specifications.Figure 6.60 Ideal pressure – volume cylinder action for single acting compressor...Figure 6.61a Reciprocating compressor compression diagrams. Actual losses and ef...Figure 6.61b Illustration of isentropic path on log pressure-enthalpy diagram, s...Figure 6.61c Section of ethane pressure-enthalpy diagram illustrating five compr...Figure 6.62 Generalized compressibility factor.Figure 6.63a–c Deviations from the ideal gas law.Figure 6.63d Typical compressor aliments and how they look on P-T diagrams (Used...Figure 6.64a Combined indicator cards from a two-stage compressor showing how cy...Figure 6.64b Effects of clearance volume on performance efficiency of reciprocat...Figure 6.65 Loss factor curve (Used by permission: Cooper-Cameron Corporation.).Figure 6.66 Chart for solving theoretical work of compression or expansion (Used...Figure 6.67a Brake horsepower required to deliver 1 million ft3 of gas per day, ...Figure 6.67b Brake horsepower required to deliver 1 million ft3 of gas per day, ...Figure 6.67c Brake horsepower required to deliver 1 million ft3 of gas per day, ...Figure 6.68 Compression temperature rise (Used by permission: Rice, W. T., Chemi...Figure 6.69 UniSim Design Software Desktop (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 H...Figure 6.70 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.71 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.72 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.73 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.74 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.75 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.76 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.77 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.78 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.79 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.80 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.81 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.82 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.83 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.84 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.85 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.86 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.87 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.88 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.89 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.90 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.91 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.92 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.93 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.94 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.95 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.96 (Courtesy of UniSim Design ® R460.1 Honeywell ® and UniSim Design So...Figure 6.97 Centrifugal compressor specifications.Figure 6.98 Ratio of specific heats (n-1)/n (Used by permission: Dresser-Rand Co...Figure 6.99 Specific volume chart (Used by permission: (c) Elliot Co.).Figure 6.100 Relationship between adiabatic and polytropic efficiencies (Used by...Figure 6.101 Polytropic to adiabatic efficiency conversion (Used by permission: ...Figure 6.102 Comparative efficiencies of a 1,550 bhp centrifugal compressor base...Figure 6.103 Approximate head selection (Used by permission: Elliot (R) Co.).Figure 6.104 Brake horsepower per million ft3 per day for compressors as a funct...Figure 6.105 Correction factor for compressor bhp/million ft3 per day at 14.7 ps...Figure 6.106 Polytropic compressor discharge temperature (Used by permission: El...Figure 6.107 Sonic velocity of common gases (Used by permission: Koenig, C. F.II...Figure 6.108 Uncooled compressor relationship between adiabatic efficiency and p...Figure 6.109 Reciprocating compressor efficiencies.Figure 6.110 Screenshot of the Simulation Basis Manager window of Example 6.14 (...Figure 6.111 Screenshot of Component List View Component List -1 of Example 6.14...Figure 6.112 Screenshot of Fluid Package of Example 6.14 (Courtesy, Honeywell Pr...Figure 6.113 Screenshot of Composition tab of Worksheet windown of Example 6.14 ...Figure 6.114 Screenshot of Connection tab in Design tab of Example 6.14 (Courtes...Figure 6.115 Screenshot of Parameter tab of Design of Compressor of Example 6.14...Figure 6.116 Screenshot of Conditions tab of Worksheet tab of Design of Example ...Figure 6.117 Screenshot of Worksheet tab of Example 6.14 (Courtesy, Honeywell Pr...Figure 6.118 Screenshot of the process flow diagram of Example 6.14 (Courtesy, H...Figure 6.119 Screenshot of the Performance tab showing the results of Example 6....