A. Kayode Coker - Chemical Process Engineering Volume 1

2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Snapshot of the Excel program for calculating the density of water as...Figure 2.2 Snapshot of calculating the density of water as a function of tempera...Figure 2.3 Liquid density of water as a function of temperature.Figure 2.4 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for calculating the viscosity of wa...Figure 2.5 Snapshot of calculating the viscosity of water as a function of tempe...Figure 2.6 Liquid viscosity of water as a function of temperature.Figure 2.7 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for calculating the heat capacity o...Figure 2.8 Snapshot of calculating the heat capacity of water as a function of t...Figure 2.9 Liquid heat capacity of water as a function of temperature.Figure 2.10 Snapshot of the Excel program for calculating the thermal conductivi...Figure 2.11 Snapshot of calculating the thermal conductivity of water as a funct...Figure 2.12 Thermal conductivity of water as a function of temperature.Figure 2.13 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for calculating the volumetric exp...Figure 2.14 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for calculating the vapor pressure...Figure 2.15 Snapshot of calculating the vapor pressure of water as a function of...Figure 2.16 Vapor pressure of water as a function of temperature.Figure 2.17 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for calculating the gas viscosity.Figure 2.18 Snapshot of calculating the viscosity of ethane as a function of tem...Figure 2.19 Snapshot of calculating the thermal conductivity of propane as a fun...Figure 2.20 Thermal conductivity of propane as a function of temperature.Figure 2.21 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for estimating of C°p gases for ca...Figure 2.22 Snapshot of calculating the C°p of carbon dioxide as a function of t...Figure 2.23 Vapor pressure of water as a function of temperature.Figure 2.24 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for calculating the surface tensio...Figure 2.25 Snapshot of calculating the surface tension of water as a function o...Figure 2.26 Surface tension of water as a function of temperature.Figure 2.27 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for estimating of μmix of a mixtur...Figure 2.28 Snapshot of estimating the viscosity of mixture by the UniSim Design...Figure 2.29 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for estimating ∆H°f of methane as ...Figure 2.30 Snapshot of calculating the ∆H°f of methane as a function of tempera...Figure 2.31 Heat of formation of methane as a function of temperature.Figure 2.32 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for calculating ΔHV of water as a ...Figure 2.33 Snapshot of calculating the enthalpy of vaporization of water as a f...Figure 2.34 Enthalpy of vaporization of water as a function of temperature.Figure 2.35 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for calculating and plotting Gibbs...Figure 2.36 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for calculating Gibbs energy for c...Figure 2.37 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for calculating Henry’s law consta...Figure 2.38 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for calculating the thermal expans...Figure 2.39 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for estimating the diffusion coeff...Figure 2.40 Snapshot of estimating the diffusion coefficient of CO-CO2 mixture b...Figure 2.41 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for calculating diffusion coeffici...Figure 2.42 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for estimating the Z factor of nat...Figure 2.43 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet and UniSim Design software Data of...Figure 2.44 Snapshot of calculating Sg for gas three gas compositions by the Uni...Figure 2.45 Snapshot of estimating Z factor as a function of pressure by the Uni...Figure 2.46 Compressibility factor of natural gas as a function of pressure.Figure 2.47 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for calculating the solubility of ...Figure 2.48 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for the solubility for methane, pr...Figure 2.49 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet for calculating the solubility of ...Figure 2.50 Snapshot of the Excel program for calculating the adsorption capacit...

3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Chemical plant piping layout. Source: I. Chem E. safer piping trainin...Figure 3.2 Distribution of fluid energy in a pipeline.Figure 3.3 Fluid flow through a heat exchanger, relief valve, and tail pipe.Figure 3.4 Energy aspects of a single-stream piping system.Figure 3.5 Baker parameters for two-phase flow regimes with modified boundaries....Figure 3.6 Flow regimes in horizontal flow.Figure 3.7 Lockhart-Martinelli pressure drop correlation. Source: Lockhart and M...Figure 3.8 Piping layout.Figure 3.9 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations including input data, ...Figure 3.10 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations for the calculation o...Figure 3.11 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations.Figure 3.12 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations.Figure 3.13 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations.Figure 3.14 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations.Figure 3.15 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations.Figure 3.16 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations.Figure 3.17 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations.Figure 3.18 PFR Reactor in UniSim Design software (Courtesy of Honeywell UniSim ...Figure 3.19 Sizing properties of PFR Reactor in UniSim Design software (Courtesy...

4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 Horizontal knockout drum.Figure 4.2 Vertical knockout drum.Figure 4.3 A cyclone: design configurations.Figure 4.4 Design vapor velocity factor for vertical vapor-liquid separators at ...Figure 4.5 Dimesion of a vertical separator.Figure 4.6 Area of the segment.Figure 4.7 Nomograph to find segmental area for liquid holding time.Figure 4.8 Percentage removal of particles as a function of particle diameter re...Figure 4.9 Solid desiccant dehydrator twin tower system. Courtesy of Gas Process...Figure 4.10 Pressure drop for an 8 mesh silica gel desiccant (by permission Oil ...Figure 4.11 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations for both separators.Figure 4.12 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations for vapor rise.Figure 4.13 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations for tank volumes.Figure 4.14 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations for total weight of v...Figure 4.15 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations for cyclone removal e...Figure 4.16 Snapshot of the Excel spreadsheet calculations for the dryer design.

5 Chapter 5Figure 5.1 Examples of flow meters.Figure 5.2 Orifice discharge coefficient for square-edge orifice and flange, cor...Figure 5.3 Concentric square-edge orifice specifications (Source: Miller, 1983)....Figure 5.4 Orifice pressure tap locations. 2 ½ D and 8D pipe taps are not recomm...Figure 5.5 UniSim Design software screenshot of R480. Build 23047 window (Courte...Figure 5.6 UniSim Design software screenshot showing the component list from the...Figure 5.7 UniSim Design software screenshot showing the component list view com...Figure 5.8 UniSim Design software screenshot showing the Simulation Basis Manage...Figure 5.9 UniSim Design software screenshot showing Peng-Robinson from the prop...Figure 5.10 UniSim Design software screenshot showing the Tools variables from t...Figure 5.11 UniSim Design software screenshot showing variables tab with SI unit...Figure 5.12 Process flow diagram screenshot of the simulation environment window...Figure 5.13 Process flow diagram screenshot showing 1, RV-100 and 2 streams of c...Figure 5.14 Process flow diagram screenshot of 1, RV-100 and 2 streams showing t...Figure 5.15 Process flow diagram screenshot of F1, RV-100 and F2 streams showing...Figure 5.16 Process flow diagram screenshot of F1, RV-100 and F2 streams showing...Figure 5.17 Process flow diagram screenshot of F1, RV-100 and F2 streams showing... Figure 5.18 Process flow diagram screenshot of F1, RV-100 and F2 streams showing...Figure 5.19 Process flow diagram screenshot of F1, RV-100 and F2 streams showing...Figure 5.20 Process flow diagram screenshot of F1, RV-100 and F2 streams showing...Figure 5.21 Process flow diagram screenshot of F1, RV-100 and F2 streams showing...Figure 5.22 Process flow diagram screenshot of F1, RV-100 and F2 streams showing...Figure 5.23 Process flow diagram screenshot of F1, RV-100 and F2 streams showing...Figure 5.24 Process flow diagram screenshot of F1, RV-100 and F2 streams with th...Figure 5.25 Process flow diagram screenshot of F1, RV-100 and F2 streams showing...Figure 5.26 Process flow diagram screenshot of F1, RV-100 and F2 streams with th...Figure 5.27 PFD screenshot of the Print Datasheet from the list of variables (Co...Figure 5.28 Process flow diagram screenshot of orifice sizing showing available ...Figure 5.29 Process flow diagram screenshot of orifice sizing showing tables of ...Figure 5.30 Results of orifice restriction sizing of case study 1 (Courtesy of U...Figure 5.31A A globe valve.Figure 5.31B A globe valve with cage-style trim.Figure 5.32 Throttling valve plug and orifice.Figure 5.33 Control valve flow characteristics.Figure 5.34 Pressure profile across the throttling valve.Figure 5.35 New case of UniSim Design R480 simulation screenshot (Courtesy of Un...Figure 5.36 Component list of UniSim Design R480 simulation screenshot (Courtesy...Figure 5.37 H2O from the components available in the library (Courtesy of UniSim...Figure 5.38 Fluid package screenshot from fluid Pkgs tab (Courtesy of UniSim Des...Figure 5.39 Screenshot of ASME steam from the fluid Pkg (Courtesy of UniSim Desi...Figure 5.40 Screenshot of the PFD of UniSim Design R480 simulation (Courtesy of ...Figure 5.41 Screenshot of the material streams and control valve from the palett...Figure 5.42 Screenshot of streams F1 and F2 connection with the control valve VL...Figure 5.43 Screenshot of the worksheet of material stream F1 in the PFD (Courte...Figure 5.44 Screenshot of the components with H2O as the mole fraction of 1.0 (C...Figure 5.45 Screenshot of material streams F1 and F2 and valve VLV-100 (Courtesy...Figure 5.46 Screenshot of the convergence of UniSim Design R480 simulation (Cour...Figure 5.47 Screenshot of show table of material stream F1 (Courtesy of UniSim D...Figure 5.48 Screenshot of the tables of F1, F2 and VLV-100 at 60% percentage ope...Figure 5.49 Screenshot to add variables to material streams F1 and F2 (Courtesy ...Figure 5.50 Screenshot to add variable to material stream F1 and F2 (Courtesy of...Figure 5.51 Screenshot of the percentage opening of 50% of VLV-100 control valve...Figure 5.52 Screenshot of the control valve sizing with valve opening = 50% (Cou...Figure 5.53 Screenshot of the control valve sizing with valve opening = 100% (Co...