Timo Schmitz - My Archive of Languages (2021 Edition)

Mayinfa3sh – It’s not right to do it.

muhim – important

gidid – new

9adim – old

Fi-lmishmish – Never!

Mumkin! – Maybe!

Mukhtamal! – Possibly!

Ana gahiz! – I’m ready!

Bahebak mut! – I love you so much!

qaroye, qareya – village

2aji – boy

mara – woman

beyt – house

gomlak – shirt

parchaye – piece

gharip – stranger

kteb – book

zanagin – rich

a2ta – you (m.sg.)

essah – now

el-2ab – the father

abu – father

abuyi – my father

akht – sister

khewat – sisters

el-akh – the brother

akhu – brother

akhuyi – my brother

em – mother

ente – woman

ensan – human

adam – human (cp. Jastrow, p. 8: wehed eben adam – a human)

abadan – never

atna – time

el-ahhad, nhar el-ahhad – Sunday

ard – earth

alf – one thousand

ana – I

ent – you (m. sg.)

enti – you (f. sg.)

enten – you (pl.)

Aysh? – What?

Ayn – Where?

Ahla wa sakhla – Welcome!

Roh allah ma2ek – God be with you! (when leaving)

All words were double checked by comparing them with the suggestions given in Otto Jastrow: Glossar zu Kinderib (Anatolisches Arabisch). Wiesbaden: Harrasowitz Verlag, 2005.

Spoken in: Southeastern Anatolia (Turkey), Northern Syria, Northern Iraq, West Azerbaijan (Iran), parts of Azerbaijan and Armenia, probably a few in Georgia

Official language in: -

Speakers: c. 200,000

Scripts: Modern Syriac alphabet

Slama – Hello! (cp. Arabic: Salam, Hebrew: Shalom, Classical Aramaic: Shlom)

Shlomo – Hello! (Western Assyrian)

Shlom lekh – Hello! (Classical Aramaic)

Dikhiwit? – How are you?

Dakhitun? – How are you? (formal)

Aydarbo at? – How are you?

At dikhiwit? – How are you?

Bashi wen – I’m fine (f.)

Bashiwin – I’m fine (m.)

Bahiwet? – Are you fine?

bash – fine, good

-i – denotes the 1 stperson singular (cp. Sorani: Bashim)

Tovo! – I am fine!

Kma shenet? – How old are you?

Ishmi … yo! – My name is… (Western Assyrian)

Bayinakh – I love you! (man to woman)

Bayanukh – I love you! (woman to man)

e – yes

la – no (cp. Arabic: la)

ana – I (cp. Arabic: ana)

at – you (cp. Hebrew: ata)

aten – you

akhni – we

Ma küdet? – What are you doing?

Min ko saym at? – What are you doing?

tumindi – nothing

Basema raba – Thank you very much!

Basmalukh – Please! (to a man)

Basmalakh – Please! (to a woman)

Fush bshlomo – Goodbye! (lit.: Stay in peace!)

Aloho amokh! – May God be with you!

Aloho amikh! – Bye!

Eastern Assyrian:

Yuma Brikha! – General greeting, lit.: “Good day”

Dakhit? – How are you?

Bashima – I’m fine (m.)

Bashimta – I’m fine (f.)

Min eket? – Where are you from?

Kma shinaywit? – How old are you? (m.)

Kma shinaywat? – How old are you? (f.)

Ta lakha! – Come here!

Turkish

Spoken in: Turkey, Northern Cyprus, Cyprus, Bosnia-Hercegovina, Serbia, Macedonia, Romania, Greece, Albania, Azerbaijan, smaller communities in Iraq and Syria, as well as Iran

Official language in: Turkey, Northern Cyprus, Cyprus, Iraq (minority language), Bosnia-Hercegovina (minority language), Macedonia (minority language), Romania (minority language)

Speakers: c. 80 million

Scripts: Latin

Azerbaijani

Spoken in: Azerbaijan, Russia (Dagestan), Iran (West Azerbaijan, East Azerbaijan); smaller communities in Iraq

Official language in: Azerbaijan, Dagestan (Russia)

Speakers: c. 25 million

Scripts: Cyrillic (in Russia), Latin (in Azerbaijan), Persian-Arabic (in Iran and Iraq)

Turkmen

Spoken in: Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan, Stavropol Krai (Russia), Iran, Turkey (migrants)

Official language in: Turkmenistan

Speakers: c. 8 million

Scripts: Latin, Cyrillic (inofficially still used), Perso-Arabic (in Iran and Afghanistan)

Golestan Turkmen

Spoken in: Golestan Province (Iran)

Official language in: –

Speakers: probably less than 1 million, but more than 200,000

Scripts: Perso-Arabic (the dialects in Golestan have no official orthography)

Uzbek

Spoken in: Uzbekistan, Xinjiang (China), Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Afghanistan

Official language in: Uzbekistan

Speakers: c. 27 million

Scripts: Latin (officially in Uzbekistan), Cyrillic (still widely used, probably by over 80% of Uzbekistan’s Uzbeks), Perso-Arabic script (in China and Afghanistan)

Kazakh

Spoken in: Kazakhstan, Russia (Altai Republic), China (Xinjiang), Mongolia (c. 200,000), Kyrgyzstan (c. 30,000) Iran (c. 10,000), Turkey (c. 10,000), Turkmenistan (small community of speakers of Western Kazakh, c. 100,000), Afghanistan (c. 40,000), Tajikistan (c. 15,000)

Official language in: Kazakhstan, Altai Republic (Russia), Xinjiang (China)

Speakers: c. 11 million

Scripts: Cyrillic (in Kazakhstan and Russia), Latin (planned to be introduced in Kazakhstan, used by Chinese Kazakhs on mobile phone), Perso-Arabic (mainly in China)

Kazakh in Kazakhstan

Spoken in: Kazakhstan (North-Eastern Kazakh and Western Kazakh)

Speakers: c. 6 million (Kazakhstan)

Scripts: Cyrillic, Latin (introduction planned)

Kazakh in China

Spoken in: Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture including Altay and Tacheng, Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in the People’s Republic of China

Official language in: Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture (Xinjiang, PRC)

Speakers: c. 1 million (Southern Kazakh)

Scripts: Perso-Arabic, Latin [Pinyin] (widespread use in the Internet)

Kyrgyz

Spoken in: Kyrgyzstan, China (Xinjiang), Russia (c. 100,000), Tajikistan (c. 60,000 - 70,000), Afghanistan (c. 1,000)

Official language in: Kyrgyzstan, Kilzilsu Kyrgyz Prefecture (Xinjiang, PRC)

Speakers: c. 4 million

Scripts: Cyrillic (in Kyrgyzstan), Latin (in Turkey; as means of transliteration in Kyrgyzstan), Persian-Arabic (in China and Afghanistan)

Kyrgyz in China

Spoken in: Kizilsu Kyrgyz Autonomous Prefecture in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in the People’s Republic of China

Official language in: Kilzilsu Kyrgyz Prefecture (Xinjiang, PRC)

Speakers: c. 100,000

Scripts: Perso-Arabic, Latin (Kyrgyz Pinyin; used by young people on mobile devices if no Arabic script is available)

Karakalpak

Spoken in: Karakalpakstan (Uzbekistan), Kazakhstan

Official language in: Karakalpakstan (Uzbekistan)

Speakers: c. 500,000

Scripts: Cyrillic, Latin

Tatar (Volga Tatar)

Spoken in: Russia, China (Xinjiang)

Official language in: Russia (Tatarstan)

Speakers: c. 6.5 million

Scripts: Cyrillic

Bashkir

Spoken in: Russia (Bashkortostan, Tatarstan, Udmurtia, and surrounding oblasts), Kazakhstan (c. 10,000)

Official language in: Bashkortostan (Russia)

Speakers: c. 1.2 million

Scripts: Cyrillic

Kumyk

Spoken in: Russia (Dagestan, Chechnya, Stavropol Krai), Azerbaijan

Official language in: Dagestan (Russia)

Speakers: c. 400,000

Scripts: Cyrillic

Nogay

Spoken in: Russia (North Caucasus)

Official language in: Karachay-Cherkessia and Dagestan (Russia)

Speakers: c. 80,000

Scripts: Cyrillic

Uyghur

Spoken in: Xinjiang (China)

Official language in: Xinjiang (China)

Speakers: c. 8 million