X-Ray Fluorescence in Biological Sciences

Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data applied for

ISBN: 9781119645542 (Hardback); 9781119645665 (Adobe PDF); 9781119645580 (epub)

Cover Design: Wiley

Cover Image: © Alberto Hektor Khouri/Getty Images

Tsenddavaa AmartaivanDepartment of Physics School of Arts and Sciences National University of Mongolia Ulaanbaatar Mongolia and Nuclear Research Center National University of Mongolia Ulaanbaatar Mongolia

Evren Algın YaparAnalysis and Control Laboratories Department Turkish Medicines and Medical Devices Agency MoH Ankara Turkey

Iztok ArcŏnDepartment for Low and Medium Energy Physics Jožef Stefan Institute Ljubljana Slovenia and Laboratory of Quantum Optics University of Nova Gorica Nova Gorica Slovenia

Sandeep AroraChitkara College of Pharmacy Chitkara University Punjab India

Volkan AylikciCenter for Science and Technology Studies and Research Iskenderun Technical University‐ISTE Hatay Turkey and Department of Metallurgical and Material Science Engineering Iskenderun Technical University–ISTE Hatay Turkey

Ersin BahceciCenter for Science and Technology Studies and Research Iskenderun Technical University‐ISTE Hatay Turkey and Department of Metallurgical and Material Science Engineering Iskenderun Technical University–ISTE Hatay Turkey

Sait A. BakhteevDepartment of Analytical Chemistry Certification and Quality Management Kazan National Research Technological University Kazan Russia

Damdinsuren BolortuyaNuclear Research Center National University of Mongolia Ulaanbaatar Mongolia

Marco CarminatiDipartimento di Elettronica Informazione e Bioingegneria Politecnico di Milano MilanoItaly and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Milano Milano Italy

Shilpa ChakrabartiBiochemistry Department University of Allahabad Prayagraj India

Mansi ChitkaraChitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab India

E.V. ChuparinaVinogradov Institute of Geochemistry SB RAS Irkutsk Russian Federation

Tolga DepciDepartment of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering Iskenderun Technical University–ISTE Hatay Turkey

Sangita DharaFuel Chemistry Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai India and Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai India

F.I. El‐AgawanyDepartment of Physics Faculty of Science Menoufia University Shebin El‐Koom Menoufia Egypt

Neslihan EkinciDepartment of Physics Faculty of Science Ataturk University Erzurum Turkey

Ma Fernanda Gazulla BarredaInstitute of Ceramic Technology‐Ceramic Industries Research Association Jaume I. Castellón University Castellón de la Plana Spain

Carlo FioriniDipartimento di Elettronica Informazione e Bioingegneria Politecnico di Milano Milano Italy and Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), Milano Milano Italy

Anju GoyalChitkara College of Pharmacy Chitkara University Punjab India

Kamya GoyalLaureate Institute of Pharmacy Kathog, Jawalamukhi, Kangra Himachal Pradesh India and Chitkara College of Pharmacy Chitkara University Patiala Punjab India

Miriam GrenónFaculty of Dentistry National University of Córdoba Córdoba Argentina

Yukie IzumotoNational Institute of Radiological Science National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology Inage‐ku Chiba Japan

Brijbir S. JaswalDepartment of Physics University of Lucknow Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India

Héctor Jorge SánchezFaculty of Mathematics, Physics, Astronomy, and Computer Science National University of Córdoba Córdoba Argentina and Instituto de Física Enrique Gaviola CONICET Córdoba Argentina

Abdelhalim KahoulDepartment of Materials Science Faculty of Sciences and Technology Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi University Bordj‐Bou‐Arreridj Algeria and Laboratory of Materials Physics Radiation and Nanostructures (LPMRN) Mohamed El Bachir El Ibrahimi University Bordj‐Bou‐Arreridj Algeria

Navgeet KaurChitkara College of Pharmacy Chitkara University Punjab India and Swami Devi Dyal Institute of Pharmacy Panchkula Haryana India

Rajwinder KaurChitkara College of Pharmacy Chitkara University Patiala Punjab India

Arashmeet KaurChikara College of Pharmacy Chikara University Punjab India

Esra KavazDepartment of Physics Faculty of Science Ataturk University Erzurum Turkey

Jun KawaiDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering Kyoto University Sakyo‐ku Kyoto Japan

Dmitry KirsanovInstitute of Chemistry St. Petersburg State University Saint Petersburg Russia

Alojz KodreDepartment for Low and Medium Energy Physics Jožef Stefan Institute Ljubljana Slovenia and Faculty for Mathematics and Physics University of Ljubljana Ljubljana Slovenia

Manish KumarChikara College of Pharmacy Chikara University Punjab India

Pradeep KumarDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Natural Products Central University of Punjab Bathinda India

Vivek Kumar SinghDepartment of Physics University of Lucknow Lucknow Uttar Pradesh India

Peter KumpDepartment for Low and Medium Energy Physics Jožef Stefan Institute Ljubljana Slovenia

Nuray Kup AylikciDepartment of Engineering Sciences Iskenderun Technical University–ISTE Hatay Turkey and Institute of Graduate Studies Department of Energy SystemsEngineering Iskenderun Technical University–ISTE Hatay Turkey and Center for Science and Technology Studies and Research Iskenderun Technical University‐ISTE Hatay Turkey

Changling LaoGuilin University of Technology Guilin China and National Research Center of Geoanalysis Beijing China and China University of Geosciences (Beijing) Beijing China

Jian LiuCollege of Environmental Natural Resource Sciences Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment Zhejiang University Hangzhou China

Liqiang LuoNational Research Center of Geoanalysis Beijing China

Artem S. MaltsevCenter for Geodynamycs and Geochronology Institute of the Earth’s Crust SB RAS Irkutsk Russia and Department of Analytical Chemistry Certification and Quality Management Kazan National Research Technological University Kazan Russia

Eva MarguíDepartment of Chemistry University of Girona Girona Spain

Devinder MehtaDepartment of Physics Panjab University Chandigarh India

N.L. MishraFuel Chemistry Division Bhabha Atomic Research Centre Mumbai India and Homi Bhabha National Institute Mumbai India

Yeasmin Nahar JollyAtmospheric and Environmental Chemistry Laboratory Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission Dhaka Bangladesh

Marijan NečemerDepartment of Low and Medium Energy Physics Jožef Stefan Institute Ljubljana Slovenia

Mónica Orduña CorderoInstitute of Ceramic Technology‐Ceramic Industries Research Association Jaume I. Castellón University Castellón de la Plana Spain

Onder OrucInstitute of Graduate Studies Department of Energy Systems Engineering Iskenderun Technical University–ISTE Hatay Turkey

Vitaly PanchukInstitute of Chemistry St. Petersburg State University Saint Petersburg Russia