Philip Hofmann - Solid State Physics

16 9 Dielectrics 9.1 Macroscopic Description 9.2 Microscopic Polarization 9.3 The Local Field 9.4 Frequency Dependence of the Dielectric Constant 9.5 Other Effects 9.6 Further Reading 9.7 Discussion and Problems Notes

17 10 Superconductivity 10.1 Basic Experimental Facts 10.2 Some Theoretical Aspects 10.3 Experimental Detection of the Gap 10.4 Coherence of the Superconducting State 10.5 Type‐I and Type‐II Superconductors 10.6 High‐Temperature Superconductivity 10.7 Concluding Remarks References 10.8 Further Reading 10.9 Discussion and Problems Notes

18 11 Finite Solids and Nanostructures 11.1 Quantum Confinement 11.2 Surfaces and Interfaces 11.3 Magnetism on the Nanoscale 11.4 Further Reading 11.5 Discussion and Problems

19 Appendix A A.1 Explicit Forms of Vector Operations A.2 Differential Form of the Maxwell Equations A.3 Maxwell Equations in Matter Note

20 Appendix BB.1 Solutions to Basic Concepts Questions

21 Index

22 End User License Agreement

1 Chapter 4Table 4.1 Comparison between vibrational frequencies estimated from Young's ...Table 4.2 Molar heat capacities of different solids at the boiling point of ...Table 4.3 Debye temperatures and frequencies for selected materials.Table 4.4 Thermal conductivity for some metals and insulators at room temp...Table 4.5 Coefficient of thermal expansion at room temperature.

2 Chapter 5Table 5.1 Numbers of conduction electrons per atom, calculated conduction ...Table 5.2 Observed values of the plasma energy together with the values ca...

3 Chapter 7Table 7.1 Gap sizes for common semiconductors (above the horizontal line) an...Table 7.2 Intrinsic carrier densities for Si and GaAs.Table 7.3 Effective masses for some semiconductors.

4 Chapter 9Table 9.1 Dielectric constants of selected materials at room temperature....Table 9.2 Dielectric constants of selected materials in the electrostatic ...

1 Chapter 1 Figure 1.1 A two‐dimensional Bravais lattice. Figure 1.2 Illustration of (primitive and nonprimitive) unit cells and of th... Figure 1.3 A two‐dimensional Bravais lattice with different choices for the ... Figure 1.4 (a) Simple cubic structure; (b) body‐centered cubic structure; an... Figure 1.5 Structures of CsCl and NaCl. The spheres are depicted much smalle... Figure 1.6 Close packing of spheres leading to the hcp and fcc structures. Figure 1.7 Structures for (a) graphene, (b) graphite, and (c) diamond. Bonds... Figure 1.8 Construction for the derivation of the Bragg condition. The horiz... Figure 1.9 Three different lattice planes in the simple cubic structure char... Figure 1.10 Illustration of X‐ray scattering from a sample. The source and d... Figure 1.11 Top: A chain with a lattice constant as well as its reciprocal... Figure 1.12 Ewald construction for finding the directions in which construct... Figure 1.13 Two‐dimensional lattices. Figure 1.14 Left: two‐dimensional NiO crystal; Right: possible choices of th... Figure 1.15 A two‐dimensional crystal. Figure 1.16 (a) Two‐dimensional crystal structure of a hexagonal close‐packe... Figure 1.17 Two‐dimensional Bravais lattices.

2 Chapter 2 Figure 2.1 (a) Typical interatomic potential for bonding in solids accordi... Figure 2.2 (a) Formation of bonding and antibonding energy levels in the i... Figure 2.3 Linear combination of orbitals on neighboring atoms. (a) Two s or... Figure 2.4 The energy changes and for the formation of a hydrogen molecu... Figure 2.5 One‐dimensional chain of ions.

3 Chapter 3 Figure 3.1 (a) Illustration of stress and strain . and are the length... Figure 3.2 Typical stress of a solid as a function of applied strain. and Figure 3.3 Young's modulus for different materials. The values are merely a ... Figure 3.4 Estimate of the yield stress for shearing a solid. (a) Atoms in e... Figure 3.5 An edge dislocation formed by an extra sheet of atoms in a crysta... Figure 3.6 (a) Shearing of a solid in the presence of an edge dislocation. T...Figure 3.7 Calculated local stress field for a crack along the (1,1,1) plane...Figure 3.8 Exposing a wire to tensile stress. The forces act on the entire...

4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 (a) One‐dimensional chain with one atom per unit cell. denotes ...Figure 4.2 Motion of the atoms in the chain for (a) and (b) .Figure 4.3 Instantaneous positions of atoms in a chain for two different wav...Figure 4.4 (a) One‐dimensional chain with two atoms per unit cell. (b) Allow...Figure 4.5 Motion of the atoms for in the optical branch. represents an ...Figure 4.6 Vibrational spectrum for a finite chain of atoms with a length of...Figure 4.7 (a) Energy level diagram for one harmonic oscillator. (b) Energy ...Figure 4.8 Phonon dispersion in aluminum and diamond. The dispersion is plot...Figure 4.9 Obtaining the interatomic force constant from Young's modulus for...Figure 4.10 Temperature‐dependent heat capacity of diamond. Data from Desnoy...Figure 4.11 Temperature‐dependent heat capacity according to the Einstein mo...Figure 4.12 (a) Points of integers that represent the allowed vibrational ...Figure 4.13 Temperature‐dependent thermal conductivity of Si. Adapted from G...Figure 4.14 Classical picture for the thermal expansion of a solid. The inte...Figure 4.15 Gibbs free energy for two competing phases A and B. At the tempe...Figure 4.16 (a) Melting temperature as a function of cohesive energy for the...Figure 4.17 (a) Two‐dimensional square lattice with forces acting only betwe...