Svetlana Flemming - Colloquial Russian - The Next Step in Language Learning

tense of an active verb, they may substitute for kotoŕyj + active 7

past tense, if the action of the verb in the subordinate clause is taking 8

place at the same time as the action of the verb in the main clause: 9

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Rasskazaĺi o fiĺ;me, kotoŕyj we¨l v \´to vremq v

1

Moskve´.

2

They were talking about a film which was showing at the time 3

in Moscow.

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Rasskazaĺi o fiĺ;me, idu´]em v \´to vre´mq v Moskve´.

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They were talking about a film showing at the time in

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Moscow.

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Exercise 8

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1

Replace the clauses with kotoŕyj by a present active participle.

2

3

1 Kinofestivaĺ;, kotoŕyj proxo´dit v Moskve´, vyźval mno´go 4

intereśa za rube'o´m. 2 Na festivaĺe byĺo mno´go fiĺ;mov, 5

kotoŕye poĺ;zu[tsq uspe´xom u zri´telej. 3 Srediákte¨rov, kotoŕye 6

snima´[tsq v fiĺ;me, mno´go ruśskix. 4 V tru´ppe Do´dina, kotoŕaq 7

sostoi´t iz egoúheniko´v, toĺ;ko 50 helove´k. 5 Ne mno´go ostaĺos; 8

tea´trov, kotoŕye predpohita´[t xudo´'estvennyj uspe´x

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kommeŕheskomu. 6

Haśto tea´try, kotoŕye razme]a´[tsq v

1

maĺen;kix zaĺax, o´hen; intereśnye. 7 Ostaĺos; maĺo l[de´j, 421111

kotoŕye e]e¨ po´mnqt staŕu[ Moskvu´.

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Cultural life in Russia

The past active participle is formed from either the imperfective or perfective past by replacing the -l from the masculine past tense by

-vwij: poluha´t; – poluhaĺ – poluha´vwij; poluhi´t; –

poluhiĺ – poluhi´vwij. Where there is no -l in the masculine past tense add -wij to the masculine past tense: isheźnut; ‘to disappear’ – isheź – isheźwij.

Note: idti´ – we´dwij; vesti´ – ve´dwij.

Participles from verbs ending in -sq always end in -sq, never -s;.

Exercise 9

Form past active participles from the following verbs.

ponq´t;, oceni´t;, sozda´t;, vy´'it;, sygra´t;, provesti´, najti´, proizojti´, stat;, bleste´t;, posta´vit;, prevrati´t;sq, vospoĺ;zovat;sq, isheźnut;, vozni´knut;, ostanovi´t;sq

The past active participle declines like xoro´wij and agrees in number, gender and case with the noun it describes. It may be used instead of adjectival (kotoŕyj) clauses which contain the imperfective or perfective past of an active verb. The translation into English of both the clause and the participle are frequently the same: Do´din prosla´vilsq postano´vkoj trilo´gii Abra´mova

, kotoŕaq poluhiĺa Gosudaŕstvennu[

pre´mi[

Do´din prosla´vilsq postano´vkoj trilo´gii Abra´mova

, poluhi´vwej Gosudaŕstvennu[

pre´mi[.

Dodin is famous for the production of Abramov’s trilogy

Brothers and Sisters, which won a State Prize.

Exercise 10

Replace the kotoŕyj clauses by past active participles.

1 Q ne soglaśna s kri´tikami, kotoŕye oceniĺi fil;m kak sla´byj.

2 My govoriĺi o fiĺ;me, kotoŕyj poluhiĺ peŕvyj priz. 3 U

aktriśy, kotoŕaq igraĺa rol; Anny Kareńinoj, prekraśnaq

vne´wnost;. 4 Fil;m, kotoŕyj we¨l po televiźoru vhera´, dovoĺ;no sla´byj. 5 Teatraĺ;naq olimpia´da, kotoŕaq prowla´ v Moskve´ v

Kul;turnaq 'izn; v Rossii

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i[

ńe, imeĺa ogro´mnyj uspe´x. 6 Festivaĺ;, kotoŕyj nahaĺsq v 2

i[

ĺe, zakońhilsq v a´vguste. 7 Arxitektuŕnyj stil;, kotoŕyj 3

pohtiísheź tepeŕ;, byl o´hen; populqŕen v nahaĺe ve´ka. 8 Mno´go 4

govoriĺos; o prem;eŕe p;eśy He´xova, kotoŕaq sostoqĺas; na 5

pro´wloj nedeĺe.

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Active participles used as adjectives and nouns

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Many active participles are used as adjectives:

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blestq´]ij ‘brilliant’;

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vedu´]ij ‘leading’; de´jstvu[]ij ‘acting’; sle´du[]ij ‘next’; 1

teku´]ij ‘current’; nastoq´]ij ‘present, real’ (never used as a participle);

2

bu´du]ij ‘future’ (also used as present active participle of

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byt; ); by

´ vwij ‘former’; rewa´[]ij ‘decisive’; potrqsa´[]ij

‘stunning’.

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Kurq´]ij is used to mean ‘smoker’: vagoń dlq kurq´]ix