Svetlana Flemming - Colloquial Russian - The Next Step in Language Learning

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Znako´mstvo s mirovy´m kinemato´grafom – cel; festivaĺq.

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6 Rost hislaímmigrańtov – bla´go dlq Rossií. 7 |kstri´m – stil; 3

'iźni molode¨'i.

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Verbs with the instrumental

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There are a number of verbs in the text which are followed by the 8

instrumental case. Verbs taking the instrumental include: 9

Verbs indicating control – poĺ;zovat;sq (vos-) ‘to use, enjoy’; 20111

rukovodi´t; ‘to lead’; upravlq´t; ‘to govern, manage’; torgova´t; ‘to 1

trade’; vlade´t; ‘to own’, ‘to have a command of (a language)’; 2

zanima´t;sq / zanq´t;sq ‘to be engaged in’; zloupotreblq´t; ‘to 3

abuse’; riskova´t; ‘to risk’.

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Verbs indicating an attitude – gordi´t;sq ‘to be proud of’; 5

interesova´t;sq (za-) ‘to be interested in’; l[bova´t;sq (po-) ‘to 6

admire’; uvleka´t;sq / uvle´h;sq ‘to be keen on’.

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Verbs indicating state or appearance – kaza´t;sq ‘to seem’; 8

okaźyvat;sq / okaza´t;sq ‘to turn out to be’; stanovi´t;sq / stat; ‘to 9

become’; shita´t;sq ‘to be considered’; ostava´t;sq / osta´t;sq ‘to 30

remain’.

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Other examples – 'eŕtvovat; (po-) ‘to sacrifice’; sla´vit;sq 2

(pro-) ‘to be famed for’; bole´t; (za-) ‘to be ill with’.

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Exercise 6

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Use the words in brackets in the correct form.

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Posle´dnee vre´mq mno´gie no´vye tea´try (poĺ;zovat;sq) (uspe´x). Vse 9

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nade´[tsq, hto Do´din bu´det prodol'a´t; (rukovodi´t;) (Maĺyj 1

tea´tr). V prowlo´m godu´ Do´din (prosla´vit;sq) (postano´vka) 421111

trilo´gii Abra´mova. |ta postano´vka poluhiĺa vyśwu[ pre´mi[ i

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Cultural life in Russia

(stat;) (potrqseńie) dlq Leningra´da. Tru´ppa Do´dina (shita´t;sq) (odna´) iz sa´myx siĺ;nyx v Rossií. Do´din ne goto´v ('eŕtvovat;) (svoq´

xudo´'estvennost;). On goto´v (riskova´t;) (vse¨), htoby dobi´t;sq uspe´xa. Maĺyj tea´tr (ostava´t;sq) (odiń iz sa´myx uspe´wnyx tea´trov).

Language points ♦

Participles

Participles are verbal adjectives. They are formed from verbs, but have adjectival endings. There are four types of participle in Russian: present active; past active; present passive; past passive. They may all be used to replace adjectival clauses, i.e. clauses introduced by kotoŕyj:

p;eśy, kotoŕye garantiŕu[t kommeŕheskij uspe´x

plays which guarantee commercial success

p;eśy, garantiŕu[]ie kommeŕheskij uspe´x

plays guaranteeing commercial success

Garantiŕu[]ie is an example of a present active participle. There are numerous examples of both present and past active participles in the text Do ´din i rossi ´jskij tea ´tr.

Active participles

Present active participles are formed by removing -t from the third person plural (oni´) form of the present tense and replacing it by

-]ij: poluha´t; ‘to receive, get’ – poluha´[t – poluha´[]ij

‘receiving, getting’.

The participle agrees in number, gender and case with the noun it describes and declines like xoro´wij:

Est; nemaĺo zri´telej, poluha´[]ix udovoĺ;stvie ot ego´

spekta´klej.

There is a sizeable audience, getting pleasure from his shows.

(poluha´[]ix is genitive plural to agree with zri´telej) Participles formed from verbs ending in -sq always end in -sq, regardless of the preceding letter of the ending:

Kul;turnaq 'izn; v Rossii

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Takié tea´try-masterskié, haśto razme]a´[]iesq v

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´ vwix kinotea´trax, o´hen; populqŕny v Moskve´.

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Such theatre workshops, often located in former cinemas, are 4

very popular in Moscow.

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Exercise 7

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Form present active participles from the following verbs.

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oceńivat;, ponima´t;, igra´t;, proisxodi´t;, naxodi´t;sq, vesti´, 2

bleste´t;, uhaśtvovat;, sozdava´t;, poĺ;zovat;sq, prevra]a´t;sq, 3

isheza´t;, voznika´t;, stanovi´t;sq, upravlq´t;.

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Although present active participles usually replace kotoŕyj + present 6