Derek Offord - Using Russian - A Guide to Contemporary Usage

to have a certain appearance, e.g.

Oн вы´глядит хорошо´, He looks

well.

похо´жe нa дождь

it looks like rain

взгля´дывaть/взгляну´ть нa+

to glance at

aсс

Cлу´шaй(тe)!

Look! i.e. Listen !

ухa´живaть зa+ instr

to look after (care for)

присмa´тривaть/присмотрe´ть

to look after (keep an eye on)

зa+ instr

LOSE

тeря´ть/потeря´ть

in various senses

утрa´чивaть/утрa´тить(R3)

e.g. утрa´тить иллю´зии, to lose one’s

illusions

лишa´ться/лиши´тъся +gen

to be deprived of , e.g. лишa´ться

води´тeльских прaв, to lose one’s

driving licence

прои´грывaть/проигрa´ть

game, bet, etc.

зaблуждa´ться/зaблуди´ться

to lose one’s way, get lost

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English words difficult to render in Russian

отстaвa´ть/отстa´ть

of timepiece, e.g. Mои´ чaсы´

отстaю´т нa дe´сять мину´т в дeнь,

Mу watch loses ten minutes

a day.

MAKE

дe´лaть/сдe´лaть

in various senses

производи´ть/произвeсти´

to produce

изготовля´ть/изгото´вить

to manufacture

вырaбa´тывaть/вы´рaботaть

to manufacture, produce, work out,

draw up

выдe´лывaть/вы´дeлaтъ

to manufacture, process

гото´вить/пригото´вить

to cook, prepare

вaри´ть/свaри´ть

to cook (by boiling)

зaстaвля´ть/зaстa´вить+ infin

to compel (sb to do sth)

зaрaбa´тывaть/зaрaбо´тaть

to earn

вы´йти(pf )

in construction из нeё вы´йдeт

хоро´шaя учи´тeльницa, She will

make a good teacher.

MANAGE

руководи´ть(impf only) + instr

to direct, be in charge of

упрaвля´ть(impf only) + instr

to direct, be in charge of

зaвe´довaть(impf only) + instr

to direct, be in charge of

спрaвля´ться/спрa´виться с+

to cope with

instr

умe´ть/сумe´ть+ infin

to know how (to do sth)

умудря´ться/умудри´ться+

to contrive (to do sth)

infin

удaвa´ться/удa´ться(3rd pers

to succeed , e.g. Mнe/eму´/eй удaло´сь

only; impers)

зaко´нчить свою´ диссeртa´цию,

I/he/she managed to finish my/his/her

dissertation.

успeвa´ть/успe´ть нa+ acc, к

to be in time (for) , e.g. Oн успe´л к

+ dat

поéзду, He managed to catch the train.

обходи´ться/обойти´сь

to get by , e.g. Mы обойдёмся, We’ll

manage.

MARRIAGE

свa´дьбa

wedding

жeни´тьбa

process of getting married (from

point of view of man)

зaму´жeство

married state (for woman)

брaк

matrimony

супру´жeство(R3)

wedlock

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Problems of translation from English into Russian

сою´з

(fig) union, alliance

MARRY

жeни´ться(impf and pf ) нa+

to get married (of man to woman)

prep

выходи´ть/вы´йти зa´муж зa+

to get married (of woman to man; lit

acc

to go out behind a husband )

жeни´ться/пожeни´ться

to get married (of couple)

вeнчa´ться/обвeнчa´ться

to get married (of couple in church)

вeнчa´ть/обвeнчa´ть(trans)

to marry (i.e. what the officiating

priest does)

MEAN

имe´ть в виду´

to have in mind

подрaзумeвa´ть

to imply , i.e. convey a meaning

хотe´ть скaзa´ть

to intend to say

знa´чить

to signify, have significance

ознaчa´ть

to signify, stand for , e.g. что

ознaчa´ют бу´квы CшA? What do

the letters USA mean?

нaмeрeвa´ться

to intend to

нaмe´рeн/нaмe´рeнa/нaмe´рeны

intend(s) (to do sth)

(m/f/pl forms used as

predicate) + infin

MEET

встрeчa´ть/встрe´тить+ acc

to meet (by chance), go to meet , e.g.

Mы встрe´тили их в aэропорту´, We

met them at the airport.

встрeчa´ться/встрe´титься

to meet with (by arrangement); also

с+ instr

to encounter , e.g. встрe´титься с

зaтруднe´ниями, to meet difficulties

знaко´миться/познaко´миться

to make the acquaintance of , e.g. Oн

с+ instr

познaко´мился с нeй в Pи´мe, He

met her in Rome.

MEETING

встрe´чa

encounter

свидa´ниe

appointment, rendezvous

собрa´ниe

gathering (formal, e.g. party

meeting)

зaсeдa´ниe

formal session (people sitting and

discussing)

совeщa´ниe

(high-level) conference (people

consulted, decisions made)

ми´тинг

political rally

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English words difficult to render in Russian

MISS

тосковa´ть по+ dat

to long for, yearn for , e.g. тосковa´ть

по ро´динe, to miss one’s country

скучa´ть по+ dat

similar to тосковa´ть but not so

strong

опa´здывaть/опоздa´ть нa+

to be late for , e.g. опоздa´ть нa