Dave Grossman - On Killing

• increase at 50% casualty point, 149

• society’s need to overcome, 226-27

• training to overcome, 250-61

• in treatment of surrendering soldiers, 200

killing response stages, 111-12, 231-45, 343-44

• actual kill, 231, 233, 343

• concern, 231, 232-33

• exhilaration. See exhilaration, of killing

• murder-suicides, 241-43

• of nonkillers, 244

• rationalization/acceptance. See rationalization and acceptance, of killing

• remorse, 231, 235, 236-37, 241, 243

kill rates, 10-12, 333-34

• Rhodesia, 178-79

• Vietnam War, 254, 334, 336

• World War II, 30,110,161-62,184-85

Kinnard, General, 333

knife range, 129-30

Knight-Adkin, James H„ 94, 335

Koch, Traute, 101

Korean War, 280

• exhaustion in, 69

• firing rate, 35, 181, 251, 344

• posturing in, 8

• rear, attack from, 81

Kübler-Ross, Elizabeth, 231

law-enforcement agencies, 320, 339

• shoot-no shoot program, 257, 260, 315

• training of, 256

Lawrence, T. E., 195-96

leaders, 334

• in atrocities, 224

• bonding to, 144, 210-11

• denial by, 148, 168

• fears of, 64-65

• fortitude replenished by, 85

• guilt of, 90-91, 147-48

• honors for, 91

• killing of, 174

• motivation of troops by, 90, 143-46, 168, 334

Lee, Robert E., 26

legal affirmation, 165-67

Leinbaugh, Harold, 333

Leonhard, Robert, 80

Levin, Jack, 346

life instinct (Eros), 37, 332

Lind, William, 80, 333

long-range killing, 108-10

Lord, F. A., 21

Lorenz, Konrad, 6, 151

Lost Battalion of World War I, 148

Mac Arthur, Douglas, 69

machine-gun crews, 18, 108, 153

machine guns, 11, 104, 154

Majdalany, Fred, 126

Manchester, William, 75, 87-88, 115-16, 179, 337

maneuver warfare, 80

Marchand, W. E., 43-44, 61, 180, 181, 184, 189, 235

Marcus Aurelius, 38

Marin, Peter, 35-36, 91, 96

Marine Corps, U.S., 82, 147, 253

Marks, T. P., 200

Marsh, Peter, 6

Marshall, John Douglas, 333—34

Marshall, S. L. A., 1, 3, 15-16, 20, 29-30, 33, 35, 118, 139, 144, 150, 181, 184-85, 189, 251, 333-34, 344

Master, John, 18

Mater, Milton, 27-28, 34-35, 333

Mauldin, Bill, 69, 147

Mau Mau Uprising, 162

maximum-range killing, 107-08

Mclntyre, Benjamin, 11

McKenna, Bob, 121

means of killing, 171-73, 189

mechanical distance, 108, 109, 158, 160, 169-70, 189, 340

medals. See honors, value of

media. See also movies, violence in; television, violence in; video games, violence in

• sex-aggression linkage, 135

• violence in, 34, 88, 324-30

medical personnel, 62-64, 335

medical technology, 301, 304

Medved, Michael, 326, 328

memorials. See monuments, role of

memory, effect of, 75, 95-96

mentally ill. See psychiatric casualties

mercenaries, 145, 180, 224

Metelmann, Henry, 158-59

midbrain, 8, 9

midrange killing, 110-12, 118

Milgram, Stanley, 141-43, 144, 187-89, 190

Military Academy, U.S., 82

military history, role of, 33-34

miss, intentional, 9-15

missile crews, 108

mock firing, 21-25

Moluccan train siege, 159

Montgomery, Field Marshal, 85-86

monuments, role of, 264, 274-75. See also Vietnam Veterans Memorial

moral distance, 99, 158, 160, 164-67, 189, 209, 339-40

moral framework

• of conditioning, 292-93

• for killing, 180, 196-202, 226-27, 337-39

• prisoners, treatment of, 203—04

moral pain. See guilt

Moran, Lord, 58, 63, 72, 83, 84, 85, 86, 125, 205, 234, 276

Morris, Jim, 201

Moskos, Charles C, Jr., 344, 345

motive, for killing, 171, 173-76, 189

movies, violence in, 34, 95, 261, 302, 323-30

• classical conditioning, 308-11

• role models, 319-22

murder, 174, 195, 337, 342

• in America, 299-301, 304

• mass, 208-10

• medical technology and, 301, 304

• of prisoners and civilians, 199-205

murder-suicides, 241—43

Murphy, Audie, 155

Murry, Simon, 72, 94

muskets, 9, 10, 11, 18-19, 20, 21-25

My Lai incident, 104, 136, 145, 163, 187, 190-91, 314

Nagasaki, bombing of, 108

name-calling, 161, 252

Napoleon, 17, 67, 70, 154

Napoleonic Wars, 8, 9, 10, 122, 184, 333

Narut, Dr., 306-07

natural soldiers, 61, 180-85

naval personnel

• fear of, 58-59

• killing by, 107-08

• psychiatric casualties, 58-59

• resistance to killing by, 59

Navy, U.S., 68, 160

Nazi concentration camps, 102-05, 106, 215

• denial of, 211-12

• hate in, 78-79

Nazis, 161-62

• atrocities, 195, 206, 208-09

• war against Russia, 214

New Guinea tribes, 12

Newson, Elizabeth, 328

nightmares, 47

night-vision devices, 169, 172

noble enemy, killing of, 195-96

Nock, Arthur, 12

noise

• as posturing, 8-9

• trauma caused by, 112—13, 116

noncombatants, killing of, 174-76, 194

nonfirers, 15-16, 29

• in Falklands War, 178, 258

• in U.S. Civil War, 17-27

• in Vietnam War, 250

• in World War I, 27-28

• in World War II, 3-4

nonkillers, 62-64, 233

• at close range, 118-19

• group influence and, 155

• guilt of, 89-91

• at midrange, 118

• post-traumatic stress disorder and, 284-85

• response to killing by, 244

• who are prepared to kill, 259-60

Norris, W., 46

obedience-demanding authority, 141-48, 182, 187, 209, 295, 334, 341, 342

• in atrocities, 221, 224-26

• training to accept, 260-61, 319

• video games and, 303, 314

O’Brien, Tim, 190

obsessions, 47-48, 233, 234-36

officers. See leaders

older comrades, role of, 263, 265

Ooley, Robert, 91

operant conditioning, 177, 252-53, 255, 302, 313-16, 317, 340

opportunity to kill, 171-73, 189

oppressed peoples, disloyalty of, 205

Palmer, Dave, 248

Panama invasion, 13, 240, 257-58, 273

parades, role of, 264, 274, 276, 280, 286, 293

paranoid trends, 48

parasympathetic nervous system, 70

paratroopers, 68, 206

Pastora, Eden, 14

patrols behind enemy lines, 60-62

Pavlov, I. P., 252-53, 255

Pavlovian conditioning. See classical

conditioning

peer pressure, 27, 30, 89-90, 150, 224-26

Perrin, Noel, 330

Perry, Ted, 291

personal kills. See close-range killing

phalanx, 146, 153-54

physical danger, pursuit of, 76

physical distance, effect of, 97-137, 187, 188, 340

• close-range killing, 110, 114-37

• edged-weapons range, 120-30

• hand-grenade range, 112-13

• hand-to-hand-combat range, 131—33

• long-range killing, 108-10

• maximum-range killing, 107-08

• midrange killing, 110-12

• sexual range, 134-37

physical revulsion, 115, 236, 241, 295

physiological exhaustion, 69-71

piercing, of enemy’s body, 120-21

pikes, use of, 120, 154

pilots

• combat addiction of, 234, 235

• killing by, 30, 59-60, 79, 107, 110, 181-82, 184

police. See law-enforcement agencies

political will, for war, 340

post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 77, 281-89

• intensity of trauma and, 283, 285

• killing and, 282-84