Dave Grossman - On Killing

• psychological trauma of committing, 222-26

• range of, 195-202

• refusal to participate in, 224, 225-26

• self-destructive nature of, 214-16, 221

• self-preservation in, 225, 226

• U.S. position on, 205

• in Vietnam War. See Vietnam War

attrition warfare, 80-81

authority. See obedience-demanding authority

Babylon, destruction of, 102-04

back stabbing, 127-29, 173

Banko, Steve, 146, 173, 174, 196, 294

Barbusse, Henri, 72

Bartlett, F. C, 69, 94

Bashan, Gaby, 199

basic training, 190, 317

Battle of the Bulge, 204, 216

bayoneting, 98, 120-26, 337

• in Nazi death camps, 104

• training in, 121, 123, 190

Beebe, G. W., 52

behavioral archetypes, 184, 340-41

Belgrade, Battle of, 10-11

Berkun, Mitchell, 52, 53

Bettelheim, B., 335

Bible, 132, 337-39

Binyon, Laurence, 62

bomber crews, 59, 65, 79, 100-02, 104, 107-08

bombing, mass, 55-58, 79, 80, 97, 99-102, 104, 105, 106

bombings, strategic, 207—08

bonding

• to comrades, 90, 149-50, 153, 210-11, 269-70, 275-76

• to leaders, 144, 210-11

• through atrocities, 210-11, 214-15

Borowski, Tadeusz, 102-04

Bosnia, 211, 215

Bray, D., 198, 238

Brennan, Matt, 92

Bridger, Barry, 110

British Airborne Brigade, 82

British army, class structure in, 168

British Defense Operational Analysis Establishment, 16

British Gurkha battalions, 126

British Royal Air Force, 100

Broadfoot, Barry, 70

Brown, R. K., 335

buck fever, 29, 231

Bush, George, 242

Calley, William, 104, 145, 190

Cambodia, genocide in, 212

cannons, 11, 154

Canterwall, Brandon, 329

Caputo, Phillip, 79

Carrington, Charles, 200

Catton, Bruce, 26

censorship, 326-27

character disorders, 48

chariots, 153

chase instinct, 127-29

children

• effect of movies/videos on, 308, 314-16, 322

• killing of, 174-75, 266-67, 287

China, atrocities in, 215

Churchill, Winston, 166, 242

civilians

• as bombing victims. See bombing, mass

• close-range killing of, 199-202, 263, 265-67, 287

Civil War, U.S.

• attacks during flight, 127

• discarded weapons in, 21—25

• edged-weapons combat in, 123

• ineffective firing in, 11

• killing rates, 184, 333

• legal justification for, 166-67

• musket fire in, 10

• nonfirers in, 17-27

• social support for, 279-80

civil wars, 25, 160, 166

classical conditioning, 252-53, 255, 317

• in military, 306-08

• by movies and television, 302, 308-11

Clausewitz, Carl von, 13, 71, 96, 128

close-range assault, 80, 81

close-range killing, 110, 114-37, 341-42.

• See also executions of civilians. See civilians, close-range killing of

• remorse for, 236-37

Cold Harbor, Battle of, 25-27

combat addiction, 234-36

combat simulators, 177-78

commandos, 129, 180

compulsive states, 47

comrades, accountability to, 149-51, 152-53, 173, 233. See also bonding; peer pressure

comrades, recent loss of, 179, 189, 330, 342

concentration camps. See Nazi concentration camps

condemnation, of Vietnam veterans, 250, 276-80, 288-89, 290

conditioning. See also drill, military

• for ambush or raid patrols, 61

• of assassins, 161, 306-07

• authority, role of, 260-61, 303, 314,319

• effectiveness of, 257-59, 341

• for hand-to-hand combat, 132, 190

• to increase firing rate, 18, 35, 177-79, 181, 189, 233

• to increase firing rates, 334

• post-traumatic stress disorder and, 283-84, 291

• posturing, effect on, 13

• in Vietnam era, 178, 250, 252-55

• violence in U.S. and, 302-03, 306-16, 325

confusional states, 45-46

Congo, atrocities in, 217-21

Conrad, Joseph, 214, 342

conscientious objectors, 1, 25, 29

continuous combat, 43-45, 48, 84

• exhaustion and, 69

• fraternization with enemy during, 158-60

Contras, 14, 224

conversion hysteria, 46-47

convulsive attacks, 46

cooldown period, 271-73, 285-86, 293

Cooper, Jeff, 207

courage, 83-84, 224

cowardice, 31, 84

Cramer, Chuck, 254

crew-served weapons, 153, 340. See also artillery; bomber crews

Crimean War, 122, 144

Crook, General, 12

cult killings, 210, 211

cultural distance, 158, 160-64, 188, 190, 209

Custer’s cavalry, 57

darkness, effect of, 72, 169, 172

Davidson, S., 335

Dearden, Harold, 200

death

• empowerment through, 206

• instinct (Thanatos), 37, 332

• obsession with, 47

democracies, 340

Dengler, Dieter, 117

denial, 137, 237, 279

• of atrocities, 211-13, 215

• cracks in veil of, 156-58

• in executions, 201

• by firing squads, 343

• by leaders, 148

• of mass murders, 209

• of midrange killing, 111-12

• as response to killing, 91-93

• social distance and, 168

denial defense mechanisms, 255-56, 260, 261

depression, 84-85, 149, 150

desensitization, 161, 256, 307-08

• Vietnam era, 161, 251-52, 259-60, 304

• violence in U.S. and, 261, 304, 311, 328

Detmer, Douglas, 278, 280

Devereux, James, 147

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III-R), 77, 84, 182, 282, 340

Dilulio, John J., 301

Dinter, E., 92, 149

Disraeli, Benjamin, 339

distance, effect of, 97-99, 188-89, 341

• American violence and, 303

• emotional distance, 98, 156-70, 303

• in executions, 201

• face of victim as factor in, 128

• physical distance. See physical distance, effect of

divorce, effect of, 290, 291, 322, 345

Douhet, Giulio, 55

Doyle, Edward, 197

Dresden, firebombing of, 101

drill, military, 17-18, 20, 24, 27

drill sergeants, 190, 317-19

drug use

• American violence and, 303, 304

• by Vietnam veterans, 290, 345

• in Vietnam War, 269, 270-71, 345

DSM-III-R. See Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III-R)

Du Picq, Ardant, 9-10, 12, 21, 23, 107, 125, 127, 128, 131, 143, 150, 151, 171, 333

Dupuy, Trevor, 161

Dye, Dale, 255

Dyer, Gwynne, 6, 15-16, 18, 30, 59, 61, 79, 91, 100, 101, 102, 107-08, 110, 150, 164, 180, 181, 184, 191, 199, 209, 250, 251-52, 265, 302, 312, 333, 344

Early, John, 90

edged-weapons range, 120—30

ego, 37

Eibl-Eibesfeldt, I., 343

1812, War of, 166

elation, post-killing. See exhilaration, of

killing

elderly, return of memories to, 75

elements, effect of. See weather, effect of

emotional distance, effect of, 98, 156-70, 303. See also psychological distance

emotional exhaustion, 83-85, 94

emotional hypertension, 47

emotional response to killing. See killing

response stages

empathic distance, effect of, 97, 98

empathy

• absence of, 182-83

• aggression and, 160

• for soldiers, 105

• for victims, 105, 106, 237

enemy

• fraternization with, 158-60

• identification with, 110, 237, 238, 244

enemy lines, patrols behind, 60-62

epileptoid character reactions, 48

Eros (life instinct), 37, 332

euphoria, post-killing. See exhilaration, of killing