Alexander Vlaskin - Artificial Intelligence Glossarium - 1000 terms

AI-enabled ( ИИ-совместимый)is AI-enabled hardware or software that uses AI-enabled AI, such as AI-enabled tools.

AI-enabled (Оснащенный ИИ) – using AI and equipped with AI, for example, AI-enabled tools – tools with AI (see also AI-enabled device).

AI-enabled device ( ИИ-совместимое устройство)is a device supported by an artificial intelligence (AI) system, such as an intelligent robot.

AI-enabled device (Устройство, оснащенное ИИ) – A device supported by an artificial intelligence (AI) system, such as an intelligent robot (see also AI-enabled healthcare device).

AI-enabled healthcare device ( ИИ-совместимое медицинское устройство)is an AI-enabled healthcare device.

AI-enabled healthcare device (Оснащенное ИИ медицинское устройство) – is an AI-enabled device for healthcare (medical care), see also AI-enabled device.

AI-optimized ( ИИ-оптимизированный)is one that is optimized for AI tasks or optimized using AI tools, for example, an AI-optimized chip is a chip that is optimized for AI tasks.

AI-optimized (Оптимизированный для задач ИИ) – optimized for AI tasks; AI-optimized chip, for example, an AI-optimized chip is a chip optimized for AI tasks (see also artificial intelligence).

AlexNet ( Нейронная сеть AlexNet) – The name of a neural network that won the ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge in 2012. It is named after Alex Krizhevsky, then a computer science PhD student at Stanford University. See ImageNet.

Algorithm (Алгоритм) – an exact prescription for the execution in a certain order of a system of operations for solving any problem from some given class (set) of problems. The term “algorithm” comes from the name of the Uzbek mathematician Musa Al-Khorezmi, who in the 9th century proposed the simplest arithmetic algorithms. In mathematics and cybernetics, a class of problems of a certain type is considered solved when an algorithm is established to solve it. Finding algorithms is a natural human goal in solving various classes of problems.

Algorithmic Assessment (Алгоритмическая оценка)is a technical evaluation that helps identify and address potential risks and unintended consequences of AI systems across your business, to engender trust and build supportive systems around AI decision making.

AlphaGo ( Программа AlphaGo) – is the first computer program that defeated a professional player on the board game Go in October 2015. Later in October 2017, AlphaGo’s team released its new version named AlphaGo Zero which is stronger than any previous human-champion defeating versions. Go is played on 19 by 19 board which allows for 10171 possible layouts (chess 1050 configurations). It is estimated that there are 1080 atoms in the universe [ 32 32 AlphaGo [Электронный ресурс] // tadviser.ru URL: https://www.tadviser.ru/index.php/Продукт:AlphaGo (дата обращения: 19.02.2022) ]

Ambient intelligence (AmI) (Окружающий интеллект) –Ambient intelligence (AmI) represents the future vision of intelligent computing where explicit input and output devices will not be required; instead, sensors and processors will be embedded into everyday devices and the environment will adapt to the user’s needs and desires seamlessly. AmI systems, will use the contextual information gathered through these embedded sensors and apply Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques to interpret and anticipate the users’ needs. The technology will be designed to be human centric and easy to use. [ 33 33 Ambient intelligence (AmI) [Электронный ресурс] // infosys.com URL: https://www.infosys.com/insights/ai-automation/ambient-intelligence.html#:~:text=Ambient%20intelligence%20(AmI)%20represents%20the,user's%20needs%20and%20desires%20seamlessly . (дата обращения: 31.07.2022) ]

An AI accelerator (Ускоритель ИИ)is a specialized chip that improves the speed and efficiency of training and testing neural networks. However, for semiconductor chips, including most AI accelerators, there is a theoretical minimum power consumption limit. Reducing consumption is possible only with the transition to optical neural networks and optical accelerators for them.

An integrated GPU ( Интегрированный ГП)is an integrated graphics processing unit, integrated GPU, a GPU located on the same chip or on the same chip as the CPU, such as the one implemented in Apple’s M1 processor.

Analogical Reasoning (Рассуждение по аналогии) – Solving problems by using analogies, by comparing to past experiences [ 34 34 Analogical Reasoning [Электронный ресурс] // studme.org URL: https://studme.org/171664/logika/rassuzhdeniya_analogii_vidy_rassuzhdeniy_analogii (дата обращения: 19.02.2022) ].

Analysis of algorithms (AofA) (Анализ алгоритмов) –The determination of the computational complexity of algorithms, that is the amount of time, storage and/or other resources necessary to execute them. Usually, this involves determining a function that relates the length of an algorithm’s input to the number of steps it takes (its time complexity) or the number of storage locations it uses (its space complexity) [ 35 35 Analysis of algorithms (AofA) [Электронный ресурс] // aofa.cs.purdue.edu URL: https://aofa.cs.purdue.edu/#:~:text=Analysis%20of%20Algorithms%20(AofA)%20is,%2C%20combinatorial%2C%20and%20analytic%20methods. (дата обращения: 18.02.2022) ].

Annotation (Аннотация) –A metadatum attached to a piece of data, typically provided by a human annotator [ 36 36 Annotation [Электронный ресурс] //appen.com URL: https://appen.com/ai-glossary/ (дата обращения 05.04.2020) ].

Anokhin’s theory of functional systems (Теория функциональных систем Анохина) – a functional system consists of a certain number of nodal mechanisms, each of which takes its place and has a certain specific purpose. The first of these is afferent synthesis, in which four obligatory components are distinguished: dominant motivation, situational and triggering afferentation, and memory. The interaction of these components leads to the decision-making process.

Anomaly detection (Выявление аномалий) –The process of identifying outliers. For example, if the mean for a certain feature is 100 with a standard deviation of 10, then anomaly detection should flag a value of 200 as suspicious.

Anonymization (Анонимизация) – The process in which data is de-identified as part of a mechanism to submit data for machine learning.

Answer set programming (ASP) (Программирование набора ответов) –A form of declarative programming oriented towards difficult (primarily NP-hard) search problems. It is based on the stable model (answer set) semantics of logic programming. In ASP, search problems are reduced to computing stable models, and answer set solvers – programs for generating stable models – are used to perform search.