Alexander Vlaskin - Artificial Intelligence Glossarium - 1000 terms

Antivirus software (Антивирусное программное обеспечение)is a program or set of programs that are designed to prevent, search for, detect, and remove software viruses, and other malicious software like worms, trojans, adware, and more. [ 37 37 Antivirus software [Электронный ресурс] www.webroot.com URL: https://www.webroot.com/ca/en/resources/tips-articles/what-is-anti-virus-software (дата обращения: 07.07.2022) ]

Anytime algorithm (Алгоритм любого времени) –An algorithm that can return a valid solution to a problem even if it is interrupted before it ends [ 38 38 Anytime algorithm [Электронный ресурс] // dic.academic.ru URL: https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/eng_rus/423258/anytime (дата обращения: 27.01.2022) ]

API-AS-a-service (API-как-услуга)combines the API economy and software renting and provides application programming interfaces as a service. [ 39 39 API-AS-a-service [Электронный ресурс] www.sofokus.com URL: https://www.sofokus.com/glossary-of-digital-business/#ABCD(дата обращения: 07.07.2022) ]

Application programming interface (API) (Интерфейс прикладного программирования) –A set of subroutine definitions, communication protocols, and tools for building software. In general terms, it is a set of clearly defined methods of communication among various components. A good API makes it easier to develop a computer program by providing all the building blocks, which are then put together by the programmer. An API may be for a web-based system, operating system, database system, computer hardware, or software library [ 40 40 Application programming interface (API) [Электронный ресурс] // ibm.com URL: https://www.ibm.com/cloud/learn/api (дата обращения: 19.02.2022) ].

Application security (Безопасность приложений)is the process of making apps more secure by finding, fixing, and enhancing the security of apps. Much of this happens during the development phase, but it includes tools and methods to protect apps once they are deployed. This is becoming more important as hackers increasingly target applications with their attacks [ 41 41 Application security [Электронный ресурс] www.csoonline.com URL: https://www.csoonline.com/article/3315700/what-is-application-security-a-process-and-tools-for-securing-software.html (дата обращения: 07.07.2022) ]

Application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) (Специализированная интегральная схема) –a specialized integrated circuit for solving a specific problem [ 42 42 Application-specific integrated circuit [Электронный ресурс] //medium.com URL: https://medium.com/coinbundle/asic-application-specific-integrated-circuits-4c19ea66afaf (дата обращения 28.02.2022) ].

Approximate string matching (Also fuzzy string searching.) (Нечеткое соответствие строк или приблизительное соответствие строк) –The technique of finding strings that match a pattern approximately (rather than exactly). The problem of approximate string matching is typically divided into two sub-problems: finding approximate substring matches inside a given string and finding dictionary strings that match the pattern approximately.

Approximation error (Ошибка аппроксимации) –The discrepancy between an exact value and some approximation to it.

Architectural description group (Architectural view, Архитектурная группа описаний)is a representation of the system as a whole in terms of a related set of interests.

Architectural frameworks (Архитектурный фреймворк)are high-level descriptions of an organization as a system; they capture the structure of its main components at varied levels, the interrelationships among these components, and the principles that guide their evolution [ 43 43 Architectural frameworks [Электронный ресурс] //implementationscience.biomedcentral.com URL: https://implementationscience.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13012-017-0607-7#:~:text=Architectural%20frameworks%20are%20high%2Dlevel,principles%20that%20guide%20their%20evolution . (дата обращения: 07.07.2022) ].

Architecture of a computer (Архитектура вычислительной машины)is a conceptual structure of a computer that determines the processing of information and includes methods for converting information into data and the principles of interaction between hardware and software.

Architecture of a computing system (Архитектура вычислительной системы)is the configuration, composition and principles of interaction (including data exchange) of the elements of a computing system.

Architecture of a system (Архитектура системы)is the fundamental organization of a system, embodied in its elements, their relationships with each other and with the environment, as well as the principles that guide its design and evolution.

Archival Information Collection (AIC) (Архивный пакет информации (AIC))

“An Archival Information Package whose Content Information is an aggregation of other Archival Information Packages” The digital preservation function preserves the capability to regenerate the DIPs (Dissemination Information Packages) as needed over time. [ 44 44 Archival Information Collection (AIC) [Электронный ресурс] www.umich.edu URL: https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/cms/2042#A (дата обращения: 07.07.2022) ]

Archival Storage (Архивное хранилище)Archival Storage is a source for data that is not needed for an organization’s everyday operations, but may have to be accessed occasionally. By utilizing an archival storage, organizations can leverage to secondary sources, while still maintaining the protection of the data. Utilizing archival storage sources reduces primary storage costs required and allows an organization to maintain data that may be required for regulatory or other requirements. [ 45 45 Archival Storage [Электронный ресурс] www.komprise.com URL: https://www.komprise.com/glossary_terms/archival-storage/(дата обращения: 07.07.2022) ]

Area under curve (AUC) (Площадь под кривой) – The area under a curve between two points is calculated by performing the definite integral. In the context of a receiver operating characteristic for a binary classifier, the AUC represents the classifier’s accuracy [ 46 46 Area under curve (AUC) [Электронный ресурс] // Revision maths URL: https://revisionmaths.com/advanced-level-maths-revision/pure-maths/calculus/area-under-curve (дата обращения 14.02.2022) ].

Area Under the ROC curve (Площадь под кривой ROC) – is the probability that a classifier will be more confident that a randomly chosen positive example is actually positive than that a randomly chosen negative example is positive.

Argumentation framework (Структура аргументации или система аргументации) –A way to deal with contentious information and draw conclusions from it. In an abstract argumentation framework, entry-level information is a set of abstract arguments that, for instance, represent data or a proposition. Conflicts between arguments are represented by a binary relation on the set of arguments. []