Alexander Vlaskin - Artificial Intelligence Glossarium - 1000 terms

Adaptive Gradient Algorithm (AdaGrad) (Адаптивный градиентный алгоритм) –A sophisticated gradient descent algorithm that rescales the gradients of each parameter, effectively giving each parameter an independent learning rate [ 24 24 Adaptive Gradient Algorithm. [Электронный ресурс] // jmlr.org. URL: https://www.jmlr.org/papers/volume12/duchi11a/duchi11a.pdf (дата обращения: 18.02.2022) ].

Adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) (Also adaptive network-based fuzzy inference system.) (Адаптивная система нейро-нечеткого вывода) – A kind of artificial neural network that is based on Takagi – Sugeno fuzzy inference system. The technique was developed in the early 1990s. Since it integrates both neural networks and fuzzy logic principles, it has potential to capture the benefits of both in a single framework. Its inference system corresponds to a set of fuzzy IF – THEN rules that have learning capability to approximate nonlinear functions. Hence, ANFIS is considered to be a universal estimator. For using the ANFIS in a more efficient and optimal way, one can use the best parameters obtained by genetic algorithm [ 25 25 Adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) [Электронный ресурс] // hrpub.ru URL: https://www.hrpub.org/download/20190930/AEP1-18113213.pdf (дата обращения 14.02.2022) ].

Adaptive system (Адаптивная система)is a system that automatically changes the data of its functioning algorithm and (sometimes) its structure in order to maintain or achieve an optimal state when external conditions change.

Additive technologies (Аддитивные технологии)are technologies for the layer-by-layer creation of three-dimensional objects based on their digital models (“twins”), which make it possible to manufacture products of complex geometric shapes and profiles.

Admissible heuristic (Допустимая эвристика) –In computer science, specifically in algorithms related to pathfinding, a heuristic function is said to be admissible if it never overestimates the cost of reaching the goal, i.e., the cost it estimates to reach the goal is not higher than the lowest possible cost from the current point in the path.

Affective computing (Also artificial emotional intelligence or emotion AI.) (Аффективные вычисления) –The study and development of systems and devices that can recognize, interpret, process, and simulate human affects. Affective computing is an interdisciplinary field spanning computer science, psychology, and cognitive science [ 26 26 Affective computing [Электронный ресурс] // OpenMind URL: https://www.bbvaopenmind.com/en/technology/digital-world/what-is-affective-computing/ (дата обращения 14.02.2022) ].

Agent (Агент) –In reinforcement learning, the entity that uses a policy to maximize expected return gained from transitioning between states of the environment.

Agent architecture (Архитектура агента) –A blueprint for software agents and intelligent control systems, depicting the arrangement of components. The architectures implemented by intelligent agents are referred to as cognitive architectures [ 27 27 Agent architecture [Электронный ресурс] // dic.academic URL: https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/2205509 (дата обращения 28.02.2022) ].

Agglomerative clustering (See hierarchical clustering.) (Агломеративная кластеризация) –Agglomerative clustering first assigns every example to its own cluster, and iteratively merges the closest clusters to create a hierarchical tree.

Aggregate (Агрегат)A total created from smaller units. For instance, the population of a county is an aggregate of the populations of the cities, rural areas, etc., that comprise the county. To total data from smaller units into a large unit. [ 28 28 Aggregate [Электронный ресурс] www.umich.edu URL: https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/cms/2042#A (дата обращения: 07.07.2022) ]

Aggregator (Агрегатор)A feed aggregator is a type of software that brings together various types of Web content and provides it in an easily accessible list. Feed aggregators collect things like online articles from newspapers or digital publications, blog postings, videos, podcasts, etc. A feed aggregator is also known as a news aggregator, feed reader, content aggregator or an RSS reader. [ 29 29 Aggregator [Электронный ресурс] www.techopedia.com URL: https://www.techopedia.com/definition/2502/feed-aggregator (дата обращения: 07.07.2022) ]

AI benchmark ( Исходная отметка (Бенчмарк) ИИ)is an AI benchmark for evaluating the capabilities, efficiency, performance and for comparing ANNs, machine learning (ML) models, architectures and algorithms when solving various AI problems, special benchmarks are created and standardized, initial marks. For example, Benchmarking Graph Neural Networks – benchmarking (benchmarking) of graph neural networks (GNS, GNN) – usually includes installing a specific benchmark, loading initial datasets, testing ANNs, adding a new dataset and repeating iterations.

AI chipset market ( Рынок чипсетов ИИ)is the market for chipsets for artificial intelligence (AI) systems.

AI acceleration (ИИ ускорение) –acceleration of calculations encountered with AI, specialized AI hardware accelerators are allocated for this purpose (see also artificial intelligence accelerator, hardware acceleration).

AI acceleration ( Ускорение ИИ)is the acceleration of AI-related computations, for this purpose specialized AI hardware accelerators are used.

AI accelerator (ИИ ускоритель) –A class of microprocessor or computer system designed as hardware acceleration for artificial intelligence applications, especially artificial neural networks, machine vision, and machine learning.

AI benchmark (ИИ бенчмарк) – is benchmarking of AI systems, to assess the capabilities, efficiency, performance and to compare ANNs, machine learning (ML) models, architectures and algorithms when solving various AI problems, special benchmark tests are created and standardized, benchmarks. For example, Benchmarking Graph Neural Networks – benchmarking (benchmarking) of graph neural networks (GNS, GNN) – usually includes installing a specific benchmark, loading initial datasets, testing ANNs, adding a new dataset and repeating iterations (see also artificial neural network benchmarks).

AI Building and Training Kits (Комплекты для создания и обучения искусственного интеллекта) – applications and software development kits (SDKs) that abstract platforms, frameworks, analytics libraries, and data analysis appliances, allowing software developers to incorporate AI into new or existing applications.

AI camera (ИИ камера) – a camera with artificial intelligence, digital cameras of a new generation – allow you to analyze images by recognizing faces, their expression, object contours, textures, gradients, lighting patterns, which is taken into account when processing images; some AI cameras are capable of taking pictures on their own, without human intervention, at moments that the camera finds most interesting, etc. (see also camera, software-defined camera).