Кущ Т.Ю., Воловник М.С. Основы английского языка для судовых электриков (1998)

1. In this age of pollution one of the more encouraging developments is the work that is being done in sewage treatment. For treatment purposes, the contaminents generally are considered as groups such as suspended solids, dissolved inorganics, & dissolved organics. A property of sewage that particularly degrades natural waters is its ability to consume oxygen. A somewhat arbitrary but useful measure of this property is known as biological oxygen demand. /BOD/.

2. Primary treatment consists simply of allowing the sewage to settle & separating the water from the sludge at the bottom & the scum on the top.

3. The most widely used methods of secondary treatment now in operation are the trickling filter & activating sludge processes. Well-operated activated sludge tanks can remove up to 90% of the suspended solids & BOD, & good trickling filters remove 80 to 85%. In practice, figures closer to 75% are more common. The use of pure oxygen in the activated sludge process has been called the most significant recent advance in sewage treatment.

4. For about 20 years engineers have known that with pure oxygen, more bacteria could be supported in a smaller space & less pumping would be required; but an economically competitive system in which pure oxygen is used has emerged only within the past few years. A system has been developed in which oxygen is circulated in closed tanks. The system achieves 90% utilization of oxygen as opposed to 5-10% in conventional system & can support more bacteria than their system. Many sanitary engineers think that in the future physical-chemical methods of secondary treatment will begin to replace the conventional biological methods.

Ключи:

6 - adfhiknpr

7 - cegilopqsuxa’c’d’e’

8 - bdfikmo

9 - 2, 3, 5, 6

11 - adgiklnopq /noun/, bcefhjmrs /adj./

12 - adfil

25 - 1в, 2ж, Зе, 4a, 5и, 6r, 7k, 8m, 96, Юз, 11л, 12д

37 - 1 г, 2а, Зд, 4в, 5е, 66

1. В 8-10 предложениях расскажите о проблемах, связанных-с испольЗЬванием воды на земле и о современных способах их решения.

2. Выберите наиболее точный перевод на русский язык сле-дуещего предложения:

Man can live without clothes, without shelter, & even for some time without food.

а/ Человек может жить без одежды, без крова какое-то время и даже без пищи, б/ Человек не может жить без одежды, без крова, без пищи, в/ Человек может жить без одежды, без крова и даже какое-то врем» без пищи.

3. Выберите наиболее точный перевод на английский язык следующего предложения: Перечень болезней, которые связаны с недостатком чистой воды, очень длинный.

а/ The list of diseases associated with lack of clean water is a very long one. б/ The list of diseases that are favoured by lack of clean water is a long one. в/ The list of diseases that are favoured by lack of clean water is a very long one.

4. Заполните пропуск артиклем перед существительными, если это нужно, а/ the б/ ап в/ о.

... air surrounding man contains enormous quantities of water.

5. Заполните пропуски артиклем, если это нужно, а/ the б/ а ]

в/ 0. ... total population of ...world is growing at...rate of 1.7% annually. '

6. Заполните артиклями пропуски перед существительными, ! если это нужно, а/ the б/ а в/ о.

Every year about 500 min people suffer from...diseases associated with...unsafe water supplies.

7. Выберите наиболее логичное окончание для следующего высказывания:

& yet the human suffering & economic loss resulting from inadequate water supplies are so great that...

a/ bold measures are needed; 6/ modern methods of collecting, pumping, storing & distributing the water are used; в/ the engineer’s art of treating raw water is of concern.

8. Выберите существительное, соответствующее смыслу высказывания.

The need to carry & keep the precious liquid gave rise to...

a/ industry б/ civilization в/ pottery.

9. Выберите эквивалент следующего словосочетания: on a large

scale

а/ в широком масштабе б/ в некотором смысле в/ с первого взгляда.

' 10. Выберите соответствующее содержанию данного предложения значение слова spring.. /

First compress & then release the spring.

а/ уходить корнями б/ источник в/ пружина.

11. Напишите 5 основных положенийтлашего доклада по теме “Pollution of the Atmosphere”.

Оценка результатов тестовы&заданий /Т3/.

ТЗ 1. Отличный результат — 10 правильно сформулированных предложений за 2 мин., т.е. 10 баллов. Первое правильно сформулированное предложение оценивается в 1 балл.

ТЗ 2-10. Отличныйрезультат - 9 правильных ответов за 9 минут. Один правильный ответ оценивается в один балл.

Т311. Отличный результат - 5 грамматически и логически правилЭДо сформулированных предложений за 5 минут. Каждое предложение оценивается в 1 балл.

Unit 2.

Fundamentals.

Section 1.

Грамматический материал: единственное и множественное число.

A: When was the first recorded observation on electricity made?

B: As much as I know it was made by the Greek philisopher Thales.

■ A: What did he state, I wonder?

B: Don’t you know? He stated that & piece of amber rubbed with fur attracted light objects such as feathers & bits of straw. Did he make any experiments?

A: No, as far as it is'known Thales liked to speculate but he did not experiment systematically. 22 centuries elapsed before there 'was any progress.

B: Oh, it was just about the time that Galileo discovered the laws of the pendulum & accelerated bodies. So it was at the time when the study of magnetism & of electrical phenomena began.

A: How was it found that some substances could be “electrified”?

B: It is a well-known fact that having been rubbed many substances behave like amber does.

A: Can only similar substances become electrified or acquire electrical charges, being touched together & then separated?

B: No. Later on it was discovered that any two dissimilar substances could be electrified. As a matter of fact rubbing is not essential. It merely forces the two substances into close contact.

A: When was the modern concern of the nature of electricity arrived at?

B: During the past century the idea of the nature of electricity was completely revolutionized.