Кущ Т.Ю., Воловник М.С. Основы английского языка для судовых электриков (1998)

а) о том, каким образом следует проверить состояние подшипников до и после смазки; б) о том, какой звук свидетельствует' о том, что подшипники нуждаются в смазке; в) об определении состояния подшипника с помощью измерения температуры; г) о том, как можно определить неровность на поверхности роликовых подшипников.

Maintenance of Ball & Roller Bearings

In connection with the regular lubrications, more often if necessary, the bearings must be checked by listening to their sound during running before the lubrication & after it by using e.g. a wooden stick.

Only a slight buzzing sound is heard if the bearing is working satisfactorily. A whistling or creaking sound is a sign that the bearing should be lubricated. When the rolling surface is worn evenly, it first causes quite a steady bearing sound. As the wear increases, the sound grows gradually louder & becomes uneven.

temperature detectors near the bearing, the damage causing high temperature by friction can be detected. Thus the machine parts near the bearing can still be saved, although the bearing itself is damaged. It is often important that the developing rate of the damage in the bearing can be followed by measuring, because to determine the condition of the bearing by listening may be insufficient. Furthermore, it is better to detect the damage at an early stage, so that the replacing of the bearing can be arranged at a convenient time.

The unevenness developing on the rolling surface, "as well as its changes, can be detected quite accurately &, above all, objectively by means of a bearing control device & measuring nipples fitted near the bearings. Thus the results obtained are reliable. If the machine is not provided with the measuring nipples, these can easily be mounted afterwards on the working side.

23. Прослушайте/прочтите 12 рядов слов. В начале каждого ряда находится тестовое слово, за ним следуют 4 других, одно из которых близко по значению к тестовому. Назовите это слово./3 мин./

1. freedom: a) policy b) library с) effort d) liberty

2. final: a) fierce b) last c) festive d) famous

3. whole: a) young b) open c) entire d) proper

4. permit: a) allow b) pretend c) give d) travel

5. depart: a) find b) excuse c) leave d) live

6. observe: a) pull b) watch c) remain d) hear

7. occur: a) happen b) reach c) offer d) thank

8. ask: a) ride b) care c) take d) request

9. like: a) offer b) enjoy c) leave d) happen

10. receive: a) recite b) review c) get d) render -

11. desire: a) open b) close c) marry d) want

12. start: a) feel b) let c) begin d) finish

24. /6 мин./ Запишите со слуха или перепишите следующие слова. Используя эти ключевые слова, воспроизведите по памяти услышанную/прочитанную информацию об уходе за оборудованием с контактными кольцами.

Surface, to keep smooth & clean, a cloth dipped in petrol, insulating surfaces, brush holders, dry compressor air, lubricants must not be used, damaged surface, to turn slip rings, auxiliary / вспомогательный/ motor, pulley, at a speed, the recommended periphery speeds, to provide with sleeve bearings /неразъемные/, permissible/допустимая/ speed, direction. *

Maintenance of Slip-Ring Equipment. General.

The surface of the slip rings must always be kept smooth & clean. The slip rings are cleaned with a dry cloth or, if necessary, with a cloth dipped in petrol. Special attention has to be paid to all insulating surfaces of the slip rings & brush holders. Also dry compressed air may be used for cleaning. Lubricants of apy kind must not be used between the slip rings & the brushes.

If the surface of a slip ring is damaged, the slip rings must be turned.The turning is done by rotating the machine

The surface of the slip rings must always be kept smooth & clean. The slip rings are cleaned with a dry cloth or, if necessary, with a cloth dipped in petrol. Special attention has to be paid to all insulating surfaces of the slip rings & brush holders. Also dry compressed air may be used for cleaning. Lubricants of any kind must not be used between the slip rings & the brushes.

If the surface of a slip ring is damaged, the slip rings must be turned.TIj.e turning is done by rotating the machine with the aid of the' auxiliary motor & the pulley at a speed below the rated speed. The recommended periphery speeds for slip rings are:

steel approx, 50 - 90 m/min

bronze approx.90 - 130 m/min

When turning the slip rings of a machine provided with sleeve-bearings, the min. periphery speed, however, is determined by the permissible min. speed of the machine.

25. /3 мин./ Парная работа. Обсудите Особенности ухода за оборудованием с контактными кольцами.

26. /5 мин./ а) Прослушайте/прочуйте и запомните содержание двух предложений, первое из которых предписывает выполнить операцию по уходу за машиной, а второе называет цель, б) Используя модель, объедините эти предложения в одну фразу, сделав необходимые преобразования.

Model. Keep the machine clean & dry. - Effective cooling & insulation. = For the effective cooling & insulation the machine must be kept clean & dry.

1. Clean the pipes from time to time with the brush delivered with the heat exchanger. - To reduce the cooling capacity.

2. Keep the water flow in the cooling pipes close to the value instructed by the manufacturer. - To prevent corrosion.

3. Keep the machines which have been unused for long periods of time in a dry place. - To prevent the moisture from penetrating to the bearings & windings.

в) Парная работа. Обсудите проблемы ухода за оборудованием /4 мин./.

27. /4 мин./ Прослушайте/прочтите вопросы и дайте на них ответы.

1. What indicates the water flow decrease? 2. How would you detect that the water flow decreased too much? 3. What in your opinion causes easily damages in the windings?

28. /4 мин./ а) Прослушайте/прочтите и постарайтесь запомнить информацию о порядке заказа щеток, б) Повторно прослу-шивая/читая информацию, отметьте, какие данные необходимо указать при заказе.

• Ordering New Brushes

When ordering new brushes, the quality, size & supplement accessories have to be quoted. When the brushes are ordered from our works, we shall deliver the correct brushes if the type designation & manufacturing number

of the machine are given to us. If the brushes are ordered elsewhere, the quality can be determined by the marking made on the brush by the manufacturer. The dimensions & accessories of the brush can be determined by comparing the form & dimensions of the worn brush to the enclosed dimension print & by giving the corresponding brush type. The mark of the brush to be replaced should correspond to the mark which is recommended for this type designation of the machine or, as an exception, the brush should possess close characteristics.