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Agnia Grigas - Beyond Crimea

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Название:
Beyond Crimea
Автор:
Agnia Grigas
Издательство:
Yale University Press
Жанр:
Политика / Публицистика / на английском языке
Год:
2016
Город:
New Haven
ISBN:
978-0-300-21450-5
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4 / 5. Голосов: 1
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How will Russia redraw post-Soviet borders? In the wake of recent Russian expansionism, political risk expert Agnia Grigas illustrates how—for more than two decades—Moscow has consistently used its compatriots in bordering nations for its territorial ambitions. Demonstrating how this policy has been implemented in Ukraine and Georgia, Grigas provides cutting-edge analysis of the nature of Vladimir Putin's foreign policy and compatriot protection to warn that Moldova, Kazakhstan, the Baltic States, and others are also at risk.
[Contain tables.]

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100. Rasporyazheniye Pravitel’stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 19.11.2014 № 2321-r, Programma raboty s sootechestvennikami, prozhivauschimi za rubezom, na 2015–2017 gody, http://government.ru/media/files/ZXiQGZwhcwc.pdf.

101. Putin, Opening Address at the World Congress of Russians Abroad.

102. Postanovleniye Pravitel’stva Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 20.06.2011 № 492, “O federal’noy tselevoy programme “Russkiy yazik” na 2011–2015 gody.”

103. Ibid.

104. Goethe-Institut Budapest, http://www.mobile-studios.org/?name=Goethe-Institut%20Budapest; Watanabe Yasushi and David L. McConnell, eds., Soft Power Superpowers: Cultural and National Assets of Japan and the United States (Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 2008), p. 228.

105. Ministerstvo inostrannykh del Rossiyskoy Federatsii, Obzor vneshney politiki Rossiyskoy Federatsii, http://www.mid.ru/brp_4.nsf/sps/3647DA97748A106BC32572AB002AC4DD#%D0%92%D0%92%D0%95%D0%94%D0%95%D0%9D%D0%98%D0%95.

106. Ibid.

107. “War in the Caucasus: Russia Marches into South Ossetia,” Spiegel Online , 8 August 2008, http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/war-in-the-caucasus-russia-marches-into-south-ossetia-a-570834.html.

108. Interview with Television Channel Euronews, 31 August 2008, President of Russia, http://eng.kremlin.ru/transcripts/9768.

109. Interview with Television Channel Euronews, 2 September 2008, President of Russia, http://eng.kremlin.ru/transcripts/9771.

110. The Russian Government, http://government.ru/en/department/93/.

111. Russia’s National Security Strategy to 2020, 12 May 2009, http://rustrans.wikidot.com/russia-s-national-security-strategy-to-2020.

112. The document mentions only “increasing effectiveness of protection of rights and interests of Russian citizens abroad.” See Ukaz Presidenta Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 12.05.2009 № 537, “O Strategii natsional’noybezopasnosti Rossiyskoy Federatsii do 2020 goda,” http://www.rg.ru/2009/05/19/strategia-dok.html.

113. Federal’nyi zakon ot 23.07.2010 № 179-FZ, O vnesenii izmeneniy v Federal’nyi zakon “O gosudarstvennoy politike Rossiyskoy Federatsii v otnoshenii sootechestvennikov za rubezhom,” http://www.rg.ru/2010/07/27/sootech-dok.html.

114. Shevel, “Russian Nation-building,” p. 192.

115. Cited in Byford, “The Russian Diaspora in International Relations,” p. 720.

116. Shevel, “Russian Nation-building,” p. 195.

117. Ministerstvo inostrannykh del Rossiiskoy Federatsii, “Statya stats-sekretariya–zamestitelya Ministra inostrannykh del Rossii G. B. Karasina,” 2010 cited in Shevel, “Russian Nation-building,” p. 195.

118. There are two dozen Russian compatriot organizations in Abkhazia and two in South Ossetia. Ministerstvo inostrannykh del Rossiiskoy Federatsii, “Respublika Abkhazia,” 22 May 2014, http://www.mid.ru/bdomp/ns-reuro.nsf/348bd0da1d5a7185432569e700419c7a/3cf2977ad9223f11c3257927003d2f44!OpenDocument, and 22 May 2014, http://www.mid.ru/bdomp/ns-reuro.nsf/348bd0da1d5a7185432569e700419c7a/be2d70933881fb75c32579270040e8a1!OpenDocument.

119. “Executive Order on Establishing a Foundation for Supporting and Protecting the Rights of Compatriots Living Abroad,” President of Russia, 25 May 2011, http://eng.kremlin.ru/news/2267.

120. On ruvek.ru see Cheskin, “Russia’s Compatriot Policy.”

121. Ukaz Presidenta Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 07.05.2012 № 605, “O merakh po realizatsii vneshnepoliticheskogo kursa Rossiyskoy Federatsii,” http://kremlin.ru/acts/15256.

122. The 1994 commission: Ministerstvo inostrannykh del Rossiiskoy Federatsii, “O pravitel’stvennoy kommissii po delam sootechestvennikov za rubezhom,” http://www.mid.ru/bdomp/ns-dgpch.nsf/1f19f2b74cd6969ac3257249003e53ae/b3e8a5763d064b64c325768900266323!OpenDocument.

123. The Russian Government, “Government Commission on Compatriots Living Abroad,” http://archive.government.ru/eng/gov/agencies/156/.

124. “Vladimir Putin’s Address to the Participants of the Fourth World Congress of Compatriots,” President of Russia, 26 October 2012, http://eng.kremlin.ru/news/4562.

125. Concept of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation, 12 February 2012, http://www.mid.ru/brp_4.nsf/0/76389FEC168189ED44257B2E0039B16D.

126. Vladimir Putin, Address to the Federal Assembly, 12 December 2012, http://eng.kremlin.ru/news/4739.

127. Gosudarstvennoy Dumy Federal’nogo Sobraniya Rossiyskoy Federatsii ot 04.04.2014 № 4077–6 GD, “O Federal’nom zakone ‘O vnesenii izmeneniy v stat’i 14 i 27 Federal’nogo zakona “O grazhdanstve Rossiyskoi Federatsii” ’ (proyekt N 417698–6).”

CHAPTER 4. SEPARATISM AND ANNEXATION

Epigraph: “Direct Line with Vladimir Putin,” 17 April 2014, President of Russia, http://eng.kremlin.ru/transcripts/7034.

1. State Statistics Service of Ukraine, 1 January 2015, http://www.ukrstat.gov.ua/.

2. Eastern Partnership Index, http://www.eap-index.eu/.

3. Mikheil Saakashvili, “Mikheil Saakashvili: The West Must Not Appease Putin,” Washington Post, 6 March 2014, http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/mikheil-saakashvili-the-west-must-not-appease-putin/2014/03/06/db9e0c82-a4a9-11e3-8466-d34c451760b9_story.html.

4. Matt Frei, “Ukraine Crisis: Echoes of 2008 Russian Invasion of Georgia?” 4News, 3 September 2014, http://www.channel4.com/news/ukraine-crisis-echoes-of-2008-russian-invasion-of-georgia.

5. Thomas de Waal, The Caucasus: An Introduction (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010), p. 135.

6. Frankie Martin, “The Olympics’ Forgotten People,” CNN, 23 January 2014, http://edition.cnn.com/2014/01/23/opinion/martin-olympics-circassians.

7. De Waal, The Caucasus , p. 150.

8. Vicken Cheterian, War and Peace in the Caucasus: Russia’s Troubled Frontier (New York: Columbia University Press, 2009), p. 189.

9. Charles Upson Clark, Bessarabia (New York), 1927, http://depts.washington.edu/cartah/text_archive/clark/bc_10.shtml#bc_10.

10. Comisia prezidenţială pentru analiza dictaturii comuniste din românia, “Raport final” (Bucharest, 2006), pp. 579–96, http://www.presidency.ro/static/ordine/RAPORT_FINAL_CPADCR.pdf; Leonore A. Grenoble, Language Policy in the Former Soviet Union (Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Press, 2003), p. 90.

11. Michael Bruchis, “The Language Policy of the CPSU and the Linguistic Situation in Soviet Moldavia,” Europe-Asia Studies 36, no. 1 (1984): 119.

12. Constitutional Court of the Republic of Moldova, “The Text of the Declaration of Independence Prevails over the Text of the Constitution,” 5 December 2013, http://www.constcourt.md/libview.php?l=en&id=512&idc=7&t=/Overview/Press-Service/News/The-text-of-the-Declaration-of-Independence-prevails-over-the-text-of-the-Constitution/; Bertil Nygren, The Rebuilding of Greater Russia: Putin’s Foreign Policy Towards the CIS Countries (New York: Routledge, 2008), p. 82.

13. Dmytro Levus, “Ukraina i Rossiya: Raznitsa v podkhodakh k Pridnestrovskomu uregulirovaniyu,” 27 April 2014, http://www.ut.ee/ABVKeskus/sisu/kohtumised/2012.04.27/Levus_PMR.doc.

14. Vladislav Grosul, ed., Istoriya Pridnestrovskoy Moldavskoy Respubliki , vol. 2/2 (Tiraspol: Riopgu, 2001), p. 108; Anna Volkova, Referendumy v Pridnestrovskoy Moldavskoy Respublike 1989–2003 (Tiraspol: Tipar, 2005).

15. Aleksandru Boldur, Istoria Basarabiei (Bucharest: Editura Victor Frunză), 1992.

16. Agnia Grigas and Marcel Van Herpen, “The Media Has Swallowed Five Russian Myths That Have Helped Putin Win In Ukraine,” Forbes , 17 September 2014, http://www.forbes.com/sites/realspin/2014/09/17/the-media-has-swallowed-five-russian-myths-that-have-helped-putin-win-in-ukraine/.