Фрэнсис Фукуяма - Identity - The Demand for Dignity and the Politics of Resentment

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Identity: The Demand for Dignity and the Politics of Resentment: краткое содержание, описание и аннотация

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The New York Times bestselling author of The Origins of Political Order offers a provocative examination of modern identity politics: its origins, its effects, and what it means for domestic and international affairs of state
In 2014, Francis Fukuyama wrote that American institutions were in decay, as the state was progressively captured by powerful interest groups. Two years later, his predictions were borne out by the rise to power of a series of political outsiders whose economic nationalism and authoritarian tendencies threatened to destabilize the entire international order. These populist nationalists seek direct charismatic connection to “the people,” who are usually defined in narrow identity terms that offer an irresistible call to an in-group and exclude large parts of the population as a whole.
Demand for recognition of one’s identity is a master concept that unifies much of what is going on in world politics today. The universal recognition on which liberal democracy is based has been increasingly challenged by narrower forms of recognition based on nation, religion, sect, race, ethnicity, or gender, which have resulted in anti-immigrant populism, the upsurge of politicized Islam, the fractious “identity liberalism” of college campuses, and the emergence of white nationalism. Populist nationalism, said to be rooted in economic motivation, actually springs from the demand for recognition and therefore cannot simply be satisfied by economic means. The demand for identity cannot be transcended; we must begin to shape identity in a way that supports rather than undermines democracy.
Identity is an urgent and necessary book―a sharp warning that unless we forge a universal understanding of human dignity, we will doom ourselves to continuing conflict.

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Brown, Michael

Buddhism, politicized

California Task Force to Promote Self-Esteem

Canada; Francophones in

capitalism, see market economy

Catalonia

Catholic Church

Césaire, Aimé

Charlie Hebdo

Chávez, Hugo

checks and balances; misuse of

Chile

China: as authoritarian; constitution of; ethnicity in; market economy in; middle class in; national identity in; nationalism in; productivity in; resentment in; social media in; urbanization of

choice, moral; created by urbanization; dignity and; lack of in Calvinism

Christianity: freedom in; interiority in; as lineage of dignity in constitutions; moral choice in; questioning of; in Syria; therapeutic model adopted by

Church Growth Movement

citizenship; see also immigration

civil rights movement; goals of

class: in classical world; coalitions impeded by; emergence of; extreme divisions between, see economic inequality; see also elites; poor people

Coates, Ta-Nehisi

Cold War

collectivities, identities of; see also identity politics; Islamism; nationalism

colonialism; aftermath of; critique of

Communism: alienation and; collapse of; frozen political development after; productivity under

Confederacy

Confessions (Augustine)

conformity; rejection of; society’s demand for

Conservative Party (British)

constitutions; of U.S.

Corbyn, Jeremy

corruption

Council of Ministers (EU)

Cramer, Katherine

Crèvecoeur, Hector St. John

Critique of Pure Reason (Kant)

Cuba

cultural appropriation

cyberpunk

Damas, Léon

Danish People’s Party

Declaration of Independence

deconstructionism

deindustrialization, social ills following

democracy (modern liberal); as active; civil discourse in; constitutions in; creedal identities in, see national identity; decline of left in; dignity in; economic growth in; failure to live up to ideals by; freedom in; global decline of; human potential movement in; irrationality as beneficial to; Jews as bearers of; moral confusion in; moral core of; multiculturalism in; national identity in; nationalism within; nations predating; outlets for megalothymia in; policies to improve; political correctness in; rise of isothymia in; social movements in; states required for; taken for granted; therapeutic model adopted by; third wave of

Democratic Party (U.S.)

Deng Xiaoping

Denmark

Diamond, Larry

Diderot

dignity; Christian concepts of; conferred on groups; in constitutions; moral choice and; scapegoating to create sense of; status and; universalizing of; virtue and; work as necessary to; see also recognition

Discourse on the Origins of Inequality (Rousseau)

diversity; backlash against; national identity and; see also immigration

Doonesbury

Douglas, Stephen

drug epidemics

dual citizenship

Duke, David

Duterte, Rodrigo

dystopian fiction

East Asia

Eastern Europe; democracy taken for granted in; emigration from

economic inequality; decline of left despite; globalization and; mitigation of; in U.S.

economic motivation, as masked demand for recognition

economic theory

economies, informal

economies, market, see market economy

education: economic inequality and; national identity aided by; national identity hindered by

Egypt

elites; in classical world; cosmopolitanism of; economic development sought by; feminism driven by; globalization and; middle-class resentment of; nationalist; status desired by; in Thailand; in Ukraine; in U.S.

Ellison, Ralph

End of History and the Last Man, The (Fukuyama)

Enlightenment; cultural left’s rejection of

Ennahda (Tunisia)

equality; dissatisfaction with; international right to; private property’s effect on; states rights trumped by; see also identity politics; rights

Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip

Erfahrung vs. Erlebnis

Erikson, Erik

Esalen Institute

Ethiopia

ethnic cleansing

Eurasian Economic Union

euro, crisis over

Euromaidan movement

Europe: assimilation in; citizenship in; colonization by; decline of left in; foreign-born population in; hate speech in; immigration debate in; modernization of; Muslims in; national ethnicities in; national identity in; nationalism in; refugees in

European Union; borders of; citizenship in; formation of; Greece’s insolvency and; nationalism kept in check by; political movements against, see Brexit; Ukraine and; as undemocratic; work week in

expressive individualism; development of

Farage, Nigel

fascism; see also nationalism

Federalist Papers

feminism; recognition at root of; on sexual violence

Ferrara, Federico

Ferrell, Will

Fidesz (Hungary)

financial crises of 2008

Fortuyn, Pim

France; Britain and; colonies of; Germany and; languages in; May 1968 in; Muslims in; national identity in; nationalism avoided by; nationalism in; religion in; Socialist Party in

Frank, Robert

freedom; collective, see identity politics; Islamism; nationalism; see also autonomy

Freedom Party (Austrian)

Freedom Party (Dutch)

free speech, identity politics as threat to

French Revolution; identity politics after; as both nationalist and universalist; as triggered by middle class; universal selfhood and

Freud, Sigmund

Frontex

Gandhi

Garner, Eric

gay rights movement; Muslims vs.

Gellner, Ernest

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade

Georgia, (country), “color revolutions” in

German Writings (Lagarde)

Germany; citizenship requirements of; class in; constitution of; emigrants from; France and; Greece and; Muslims in; national identity in; nationalism in; Social Democrats in; social movements in; unification of; West

Gibson, William

globalization; inequality and

Goethe

Gorbachev, Mikhail

Great Recession

Greece

Groundwork to a Metaphysics of Morals (Kant)

guest workers

Habsburg Empire

Hajnal, Zoltan

Hamdi, Faida

Hamilton, Alexander(6)

happiness; society’s ruining of

Hegel; on end of history; on human nature; on recognition

Herder, Johann Gottfried von

hijab

history, Hegelian-Marxist definition of

Hitler, Adolf; ethnic cleansing by; intellectual lineage of; self-actualization of

Hobbes, Thomas; on human nature

Hochschild, Arlie

Hofmannsthal, Hugo von

homelessness

Hour of Power (Schuller)

human nature: Christian theories of; economic theories of; philosophical theories of; psychological theories of

human potential movement

Hungary; nationalism in

Huntington, Samuel

Huxley, Aldous

Iceland

ideas, primacy of

identity; difficulty of compromise about; emotionality of; key elements of; modernization’s effect on; national, see national identity; proliferation of; Reformation’s effect on; Rousseau on; trust and

identity politics; based on national group; based on religion; concerns with; definition of; embraced by right wing; individual vs. collective; left-right spectrum vs.; lived experience at root of; necessity of; rise of; technological change and; therapeutic model and; thymos and; as umbrella for current political struggles; unavoidability of

immigration; globalization and; political movements against; political movements for; undocumented

India; national identity in

indigenous peoples

individualism; development of

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