Barbara Clements - A History of Women in Russia

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Abdurakhmanova, Dzhanet, 303

abortion: 1855–1914, 173; 1914–30, 206; 1953–91, 254, 258–29, 272, 282; after 1991, 295

Academy of Sciences, 69, 74, 76

activism of women: 1855–81, 115–26; 1890–1914, 158–80; during World War I, 180–82; in 1917, 182–90; during civil war, 192, 193–94; in 1920s, 196–203; in 1930s, 211, 223–25; 1953–91, 276, 282–84; after 1991, 303–309

Afghanistan, 108, 278, 292, 293; gender reform in, 273, 292; unveiling campaigns in, 201

Africa, 202, 274

Agency for International Development, 307

Agitprop, 202–203

Agronomists, 271

Ak Aky, 284

Ak Kalfak, 284

Akhmatova, Anna, 264, 276

Aksionov, Pavel, 235

Aksionov, Vasili, 236

Albert, Prince Consort, 87

Alem-I-Nisvan, 178

Alexander I, 83–84, 86, 94, 108, 176

Alexander II, 110, 113, 114, 126, 153; assassination of, 125; reforms of, 113, 117, 123, 278

Alexander III, 122, 148

Alexandra, Empress, wife of Nicholas I, 85, 86–87

Alexandra, Empress, wife of Nicholas II, 181, 182

Alexandrova, Ekaterina, 277

Alexeeva, Liudmila, 276, 306

Alexis, Tsar of Muscovy: and Old Believers, 53–55; policies of, 27, 39; relations with family of, 37, 58

Alexopolous, Golfo, 205

All Union Fatherland Party, 300

All-Union Institute for the Study of Public Opinion, 280

Alma Ata, 272

Almanac: Woman and Russia, Mamonova, 277

Altai, 216, 228

Amin, Muhammad, 178

Anabaptists, 56

Anastasia, wife of Avvakum, 52

Andropov, Yuri, 277

Angelina, Praskovia, 256; attitude toward Stalin of, 252; career of, 218, 219, 220; as role model, 221

Anna, daughter of Catherine II, 72

Anna, Empress, 68–69, 81

Anna, mother of Peter III, 69

Apa, 284

Appanage Rus, xxii, 102, 316; definition of, 16; merchant women in, 17; noblewomen in, 17–23; peasant women in, 16–17; as period in Russian history, 14–23

Applebaum, Anne, 229

Arbatova, Maria, 294, 301–302

Ariian, Praskovia, 146

Armand, Inessa, 192

Armand, Varvara, 145

Armenia, xxii, 304

Armenians, 274, 288–89

Armitage, Susan, xiii

army: 1462–1695, 39; 1695–1855, 65, 98, 109; 1855–1914, 156; 1914–17, 183; in civil war, 191, 199; during World War II, 237, 246; after 1991, 302, 305

army, women’s service in: during World War I, 180; in 1917, 184–85; in civil war, 193; in World War II, 238–44

artisans, 5, 89, 117, 133, 152; women as, 5, 23, 107