LibCat » Книги » Наука и образование » История » Carl Richard - When the United States Invaded Russia

Carl Richard - When the United States Invaded Russia

Здесь есть возможность читать онлайн «Carl Richard - When the United States Invaded Russia» весь текст электронной книги совершенно бесплатно (целиком полную версию без сокращений). В некоторых случаях можно слушать аудио, скачать через торрент в формате fb2 и присутствует краткое содержание. Город: Plymouth, Год выпуска: 2012, ISBN: 2012, Издательство: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Жанр: История, Политика, на английском языке. Описание произведения, (предисловие) а так же отзывы посетителей доступны на портале библиотеки ЛибКат.

Читать книгу

Название:
When the United States Invaded Russia
Автор:
Carl J. Richard
Издательство:
Rowman & Littlefield Publishers
Жанр:
История / Политика / на английском языке
Год:
2012
Город:
Plymouth
ISBN:
978-1-4422-1989-2
Рейтинг книги:
4 / 5. Голосов: 1
Избранное:

Добавить в избранное
Отзывы:
Написать комментарий
Ваша оценка:
- 80
- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5

When the United States Invaded Russia: краткое содержание, описание и аннотация

Предлагаем к чтению аннотацию, описание, краткое содержание или предисловие (зависит от того, что написал сам автор книги «When the United States Invaded Russia»). Если вы не нашли необходимую информацию о книге — напишите в комментариях, мы постараемся отыскать её.

In a little-known episode at the height of World War I, President Woodrow Wilson dispatched thousands of American soldiers to Siberia. Carl J. Richard convincingly shows that Wilson’s original intent was to enable Czechs and anti-Bolshevik Russians to rebuild the Eastern Front against the Central Powers. But Wilson continued the intervention for a year and a half after the armistice in order to overthrow the Bolsheviks and to prevent the Japanese from absorbing eastern Siberia. As Wilson and the Allies failed to formulate a successful Russian policy at the Paris Peace Conference, American doughboys suffered great hardships on the bleak plains of Siberia.
Richard argues that Wilson’s Siberian intervention ironically strengthened the Bolshevik regime it was intended to topple. Its tragic legacy can be found in the seeds of World War II—which began with an alliance between Germany and the Soviet Union, the two nations most aggrieved by Allied treatment after World War I—and in the Cold War, a forty-five year period in which the world held its collective breath over the possibility of nuclear annihilation.
One of the earliest U.S. counterinsurgency campaigns outside the Western Hemisphere, the Siberian intervention was a harbinger of policies to come. Richard notes that it teaches invaluable lessons about the extreme difficulties inherent in interventions and about the absolute need to secure widespread support on the ground if such campaigns are to achieve success, knowledge that U.S. policymakers tragically ignored in Vietnam and have later struggled to implement in Iraq and Afghanistan.

When the United States Invaded Russia — читать онлайн бесплатно полную книгу (весь текст) целиком

Ниже представлен текст книги, разбитый по страницам. Система сохранения места последней прочитанной страницы, позволяет с удобством читать онлайн бесплатно книгу «When the United States Invaded Russia», без необходимости каждый раз заново искать на чём Вы остановились. Поставьте закладку, и сможете в любой момент перейти на страницу, на которой закончили чтение.

Тёмная тема

Шрифт:

↓

↑

Сбросить

Интервал:

↓

↑

Закладка:

Сделать

Peyton C. March, The Nation at War (Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, 1932), 131–32.

U.S. Department of State, Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, Russia, 1919 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1937; reprint, New York: Kraus, 1969), William S. Graves to Adjutant General Peter Harris, May 4, 492–93; Arthur S. Link, ed., The Papers of Woodrow Wilson (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1966–1994), William S. Graves to Adjutant General Peter Harris, May 4, 1919, vol. 58, 570.

U.S. Department of State, Foreign Relations, Russia, 1919 , Boris Bakhmetev to Robert Lansing, May 10, 495–96; Henri de Bach to DeWitt C. Poole, October 13, 531.

William S. Graves, America’s Siberian Adventure, 1918–1920 (New York: Cape and Smith, 1931), 110, 112; Link, Papers of Woodrow Wilson , Fred McAver and Others to Wilson, August 20, 1919, vol. 62, 433–34; Norman E. Saul, War and Revolution: The United States and Russia, 1914–1921 (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2001), 326. According to Secretary of War Newton Baker, 8,477 American soldiers, including support personnel, were stationed in Siberia in September 1919. See Robert K. Murray, Red Scare: A Study of National Hysteria, 1919–1920 (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1955), 45.

U.S. Department of State, Foreign Relations, Russia , 1919 , John K. Caldwell to Robert Lansing, March 3, 473; William S. Graves to Adjutant General Peter Harris, May 4, 492; Clerk to Robert Lansing, May 19, 499–500.

Ibid., Frank L. Polk to Commission to Negotiate Peace, May 9, 494; Robert J. Maddox, The Unknown War with Russia: Wilson’s Siberian Intervention (San Rafael, Calif.: Presidio, 1977), 125.

Link, Papers of Woodrow Wilson , Newton D. Baker to Wilson, May 21, 1919, vol. 59, 409–10; Graves, America’s Siberian Adventure , 159–60.

Link, Papers of Woodrow Wilson , Robert Lansing to Wilson, March 22, 1919, vol. 56, 184; Carol Willcox Melton, Between War and Peace: Woodrow Wilson and the American Expeditionary Force in Siberia, 1918–1921 (Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 2001), 47; Graves, America’s Siberian Adventure , 160; U.S. Department of State, Foreign Relations, Russia, 1919 , Notes of a Meeting Held at President Wilson’s House, Place des Etats-Unis, Paris, May 14, 496–97.

U.S. Department of State, Foreign Relations, Russia, 1919 , John K. Caldwell to Robert Lansing, May 29, 504; Maddox, Unknown War with Russia , 100; Graves, America’s Siberian Adventure , 188.

Maddox, Unknown War with Russia , 101–3; Robert L. Willett, Russian Sideshow: America’s Undeclared War, 1918–1920 (Washington, D.C.: Brassey’s, 2003), 227–29, 237.

Melton, Between War and Peace , 177; N. G. O. Pereira, White Siberia: The Politics of Civil War (Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 1996), 157–68.

Graves, America’s Siberian Adventure , 241–42, 246; Roy MacLaren, Canadians in Russia, 1918–1919 (Toronto: Macmillan of Canada, 1976), 277; Link, Papers of Woodrow Wilson , William S. Graves to Adjutant General Peter Harris, June 21, 1919, vol. 62, 84–86.

Graves, America’s Siberian Adventure , 127–29; Willett, Russian Sideshow , 182–83; R. Ernest Dupuy, Perish by the Sword: The Czechoslovakian Anabasis and Our Supporting Campaigns in North Russia and Siberia, 1918–1920 (Harrisburg, Pa.: Military Service Publishing, 1939), 236.

Graves, America’s Siberian Adventure , 266; Ilya Somin, Stillborn Crusade: The Tragic Failure of Western Intervention in the Russian Civil War, 1918–1920 (New Brunswick, N.J.: Transaction, 1996), 149.

Graves, America’s Siberian Adventure , 169–71.

Ibid., 171–73.

Ibid., 147, 153–55.

Ibid., 156, 238.

Ibid., 214, 248, 317, 325.

Ibid., 103, 110.

Ibid., 117–18.

Ibid., 287.

Ibid., 104–5; U.S. Department of State, Papers Relating to the Foreign Relations of the United States, Russia, 1918 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1931–1932; reprint, New York: Kraus, 1969), Alfred Thomson to Robert Lansing, December 9, vol. 2, 457; U.S. Department of State, Foreign Relations, Russia, 1919 , Colonel Robert Eichelberger to Director of Military Intelligence, March 31, 486; Paul S. Reinsch to Robert Lansing, May 18, 499; August 8, 514.

U.S. Department of State, Foreign Relations, Russia, 1919 , William S. Graves to Adjutant General Peter Harris, February 25, 469–72; Roland S. Morris to Frank L. Polk, March 8, 475–78; Frank L. Polk to John K. Caldwell, March 8, 478; Frank L. Polk to Commission to Negotiate Peace, March 18, 482; May 14, 497.

Ibid., Charles H. Smith to Frank L. Polk, July 15, 511; Paul S. Reinsch to Robert Lansing, August 8, 513; Roland S. Morris to Robert Lansing, August 14, 514; William S. Graves to Adjutant General Peter Harris, September 27, 521; John K. Caldwell to Robert Lansing, September 30, 522–23; Robert Lansing to Ernest L. Harris, October 3, 526; Henri de Bach to DeWitt C. Poole, October 13, 530.

Ibid., William S. Graves to Adjutant General Peter Harris, June 26, 508–9.

Graves, America’s Siberian Adventure , 255.

U.S. Department of State, Foreign Relations, Russia, 1919 , William S. Graves to Adjutant General Peter Harris, September 16, 515.

Graves, America’s Siberian Adventure , 259–61.

U.S. Department of State, Foreign Relations, Russia, 1919 , Adjutant General Peter Harris to William S. Graves, September 26, 519; Maddox, Unknown War with Russia , 108–9; Graves, America’s Siberian Adventure , 257–58.

U.S. Department of State, Foreign Relations, Russia, 1919 , Robert Lansing to Ernest L. Harris, October 2, 525; Charles H. Smith to Robert Lansing, October 8, 527–28; Graves, America’s Siberian Adventure , 251.

Graves, America’s Siberian Adventure , 260–61.

Ibid., 261–62; U.S. Department of State, Foreign Relations, Russia, 1919 , Charles H. Smith to Robert Lansing, October 26, 539; Charles D. Tenney to Robert Lansing, October 29, 541.

Graves, America’s Siberian Adventure , 263–65; Willett, Russian Sideshow , 259–60, 268.

U.S. Department of State, Foreign Relations, Russia, 1919 , William S. Graves to Adjutant General Peter Harris, July 10, 206–7; Paul S. Reinsch to Frank L. Polk, July 19, 209; Robert Lansing to Commission to Negotiate Peace, August 29, 212–13.