52. “German Industry Lobby Supports Tougher Sanction on Russia,” Reuters, July 28, 2014, http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-ukraine-crisis-sanctions-germany-idUKKBN0FX0I320140728.
53. Schoellgen, Gerhard Schroder, 771.
54. 2016, https://ru.tsn.ua/svit/shtaynmayer-zhestko-otvetil-lavrovu-po-iznasilovannoy-migrantami-russkoyazychnoy-devushki-568665.html.
55. Bertelsmann Stiftung, Institute of Public Affairs, Frayed Partnership: German Public Opinion on Russia (Gütersloh, Germany: Bertelsmann Stiftung; Warsaw: Institute of Public Affairs, 2016), http://www.bertelsmann-stiftung.de/fileadmin/files/user_upload/EZ_Frayed_Partnership_2016_ENG.pdf.
56. Katie Simmons, Bruce Stokes, and Jacob Poushter, “2. Russian Public Opinion: Putin Praised, West Panned,” Pew Research Center, June 10, 2015, http://www.pewglobal.org/2015/06/10/2-russian-public-opinion-putin-praised-west-panned/.
57. Szabo, Germany, Russia, and the Rise of Geo-Economics, 106.
58. “Tramp Nazval Stroitel’stvo ‘Severnogo Potoka-2’ Bol’shoi Oshibkoi,” https://tvzvezda.ru/news/vstrane_i_mire/content/201807131636-1m7c.htm.
59. “Germany’s Heiko Maas Urges Russia to Change Its Ways,” Deutsche Welle, April 15, 2018, http://www.dw.com/en/germanys-heiko-maas-urges-russia-to-change-its-ways/a-43397881.
60. “Germany’s Angela Merkel Meets Russia’s Vladimir Putin,” Deutsche Welle, May 18, 2018, http://www.dw.com/en/germanys-angela-merkel-meets-russias-vladimir-putin/a-43838039.
61. “Joint News Conference with Federal Chancellor of Germany Angela Merkel,” President of Russia website, May 18, 2018, http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/57497.
62. Alex Lockie, “Trumps Slams a Weakened Germany as ‘Controlled by Russia’ in Blistering Open to NATO Summit,” Business Insider, July 11, 2018, http://www.businessinsider.com/trump-slams-germany-as-controlled-by-russia-in-open-to-nato-summit-2018-7.
63. Philip Kaleta and Emma Anderson, “Merkel Hits Back at Trump’s Attack: I Remember Soviet Occupation,” Politico, July 11, 2018, https://www.politico.eu/article/merkel-hits-back-at-trumps-attack-i-remember-soviet-occupation/.
64. Guy Chazan, “How Germany Became Trump’s European Punchbag,” Financial Times, August 3, 2018, https://www.ft.com/content/8f87c03c-93dc-11e8-b67b-b8205561c3fe.
Chapter Five: The “Main Opponent”: Russia and NATO
1. Vladimir Putin, First Person: An Astonishingly Frank Self-Portrait by Russia’s President (New York: PublicAffairs, 2000), 6.
2. Lord Hastings Ismay, NATO.org, https://www.nato.int/cps/us/natohq/declassified_137930.htm.
3. The Avalon Project, “Washington’s Farewell Address 1796,” Yale Law School website, http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/washing.asp.
4. Dean Acheson, Present at the Creation (New York: W. W. Norton, 1969), 283.
5. Acheson, Present at the Creation, 284.
6. Vojtech Mastny, The Cold War and Soviet Insecurity: The Stalin Years (New York: Oxford University Press, 1998), 74–75.
7. Frederick Kempe, “Colin Powell Looks Back—And Ahead,” Atlantic Council blog, December 14, 2009, http://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/new-atlanticist/colin-powell-looks-back-and-ahead.
8. Julij A. Kwizinskij, Vor dem Sturm: Erinnerungen Eines Diplomaten (Berlin: Siedler, 1993), 34.
9. http://static.kremlin.ru/media/acts/files/0001201612010045.pdf.
10. John J. Mearsheimer, “Why the Ukraine Crisis Is the West’s Fault,” Foreign Affairs, September/October 2014, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/russia-fsu/2014-08-18/why-ukraine-crisis-west-s-fault.
11. Angela E. Stent, Russia and Germany Reborn: Unification, the Soviet Collapse and the New Europe (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999), chap. 5.
12. James Goldgeier, “Promises Made, Promises Broken? What Yeltsin Was Told About NATO in 1983 and Why It Matters,” Commentary, War on the Rocks, July 12, 2016, https://warontherocks.com/2016/07/promises-made-promises-broken-what-yeltsin-was-told-about-nato-in-1993-and-why-it-matters/.
13. Mark Kramer, “The Myth of a No-NATO-Enlargement Pledge to Russia,” Washington Quarterly 32, no. 2 (2009): 39–61.
14. Kramer, “Myth of a No-NATO-Enlargement Pledge,” 39–61.
15. Michail S. Gorbatschow, Erinnerungen (Berlin: Siedler, 1995), 716.
16. U.S. Policy Toward NATO Enlargement: Hearing Before the Committee on International Relations, 104th Congress, 2nd Session (Washington, DC: US Government Printing Office, June 20, 1996), 31, https://archive.org/details/uspolicytowardna00unit.
17. Maxim Korshunov, “Mikhail Gorbachev: I Am Against All Walls,” Russia Beyond, October 16, 2014, https://www.rbth.com/international/2014/10/16/mikhail_gorbachev_i_am_against_all_walls_40673.html.
18. “Razshirenie NATO: Obmanuli li Zapad Gorbacheva? Radio Free Europe/ e rest.thor name and date (in russian) nozine” BBC News (Russian edition), 2017, https://www.bbc.com/russian/features-42483896.
19. George F. Kennan, “A Fateful Error,” op-ed, New York Times, February 5, 1997, https://www.nytimes.com/1997/02/05/opinion/a-fateful-error.html.
20. Steven Erlanger, “Russia Warns NATO on Expanding East,” New York Times, November 26, 1993, https://www.nytimes.com/1993/11/26/world/russia-warns-nato-on-expanding-east.html.
21. James Goldgeier, “Promises Made, Promises Broken?” https://warontherocks.com/2016/07/promises-made-promises-broken-what-yeltsin-was-told-about-nato-in-1993-and-why-it-matters/.
22. Stent, Russia and Germany Reborn, 39.
23. “Pochemu Rasshirenie NATO Predstavliaet Ugrozu dlia Rossii: Memorandum,” Pravda, March 15, 1999, https://www.pravda.ru/news/world/15-03-1999/903901-0/.
24. Boris N. Yeltsin, Midnight Diaries (New York: PublicAffairs, 2000), 131.
25. Strobe Talbott, The Russia Hand: A Memoir of Presidential Diplomacy (New York: Random House, 2000), 76.
26. Richard C. Holbrooke, To End a War (New York: Modern Library, 1999), 117.
27. Yeltsin, Midnight Diaries, 259.
28. Angela E. Stent, The Limits of Partnership: US-Russian Relations in the Twenty-First Century (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2015), 161.
29. “Putin: Crimea Similar to Kosovo, West Is Rewriting Its Own Rule Book,” RT, March 18, 2014, https://www.rt.com/news/putin-address-parliament-crimea-562/.
30. “Putin Rasskazal, chto on obsuzhdal s Klintonom vistuplenie Rossii v NATO,” June 3, 2017, https://ria.ru/politics/20170603/1495759550.html.
31. Interview with Lord George Robertson in Putin, Russia, and the West, TV documentary, produced by Norma Percy, BBC, aired January–February 2012 on BBC Two.
32. Stent, The Limits of Partnership, 75.
33. Stent, The Limits of Partnership, 75.
34. James A. Baker III, “Russia in NATO?” Washington Quarterly 25, no. 1 (2010): 93–103.
35. “BBC Breakfast with Frost Interview: Vladimir Putin,” transcript, BBC News, March 5, 2000, http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/static/audio_video/programmes/breakfast_with_frost/transcripts/putin5.mar.txt.
36. “Speech by NATO Secretary General, Lord Robertson, and the Russian President Putin,” transcript, NATO On-line Library, last modified October 4, 2001, http://nato.int/docu/speech/2001/s011003a.htm.
37. White House, Office of the Press Secretary, “Remarks by President Obama to the People of Estonia,” news release, September 3, 2014, https://obamawhitehouse.archives.gov/the-press-office/2014/09/03/remarks-president-obama-people-estonia.
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