1. Kirk Bennett, “The Myth of Russia’s Containment,” American Interest, December 21, 2015, https://www.the-american-interest.com/2015/12/21/the-myth-of-russias-containment/.
2. “Interview, Mikhail Gorbachev: The Impetus for Change in the Soviet Union,” transcript, Commanding Heights, PBS, April 23, 2001, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/commandingheights/shared/minitext/int_mikhailgorbachev.html.
3. Neil Hauer, “Putin’s Plan to Russify the Caucasus,” Foreign Affairs, August 1, 2018, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/russia-fsu/2018-08-01/putins-plan-russify-caucasus?cid=nlc-fa_fatoday-20180801.
4. Timothy J. Colton, Yeltsin: A Life (New York: Basic Books, 2008), 389–90.
5. Tim McDaniel, The Agony of the Russian Idea (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1996), 11.
6. Edward L. Keenan, “Muscovite Political Folkways,” Russian Review 45, no. 2 (1986): 115–81.
7. Cited in Mr. Putin: Operative in the Kremlin, by Fiona Hill and Clifford G. Gaddy (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 2015), 17.
8. Angela E. Stent, “Reluctant Europeans: Three Centuries of Russian Ambivalence Toward the West,” in Russian Foreign Policy in the Twenty-First Century and the Shadow of the Past, ed. Robert Legvold (New York: Columbia University Press, 2007).
9. Astolphe de Custine, Empire of the Czar: A Journey Through Eternal Russia, translation of La Russie en 1839 (New York: Doubleday, 1989), 619.
10. https://collections.dartmouth.edu/teitexts/arctica/diplomatic/EA15-39-diplomatic.htm.
11. Marshall Poe, The Russian Moment in World History (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2003), 82.
12. The Communist Manifesto, https://www.marxists.org/archive/marx/works/1848/communist-manifesto/ch02.htm.
13. V. Orlov, “Evraziistvo: V Chem Sut’?” Obchestvo I Eknomika, September 1, 2001.
14. Marlene Laruelle, Russian Eurasianism: An Ideology of Empire (Washington, DC: Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, 2008).
15. McDaniel, The Agony of the Russian Idea, 10.
16. Quoted in Angela E. Stent, Russia and Germany Reborn: Unification, the Soviet Collapse, and the New Europe (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1999), 188.
17. “Interesi Rossii I Vneshnaia Politika. Andrei Kozyrev: K Slovu Patriotizm Prilagatel’nie ne Nuzhni,” Krasnaya Zvezda, November 20, 1992.
18. “Evgenii Primakov o Vneshnei Politike Rossii v Novom Godu,” Krasnaia Zvezda, October 1, 1997.
19. Fiona Hill, “In Search of Great Russia: Elites, Ideas, Power, the State, and the Pre-Revolutionary Past in the New Russia, 1991–1996” (unpublished PhD diss., Harvard University, 1998).
20. Mark MacKinnon, “Sergey Karaganov: The Man Behind Putin’s Pugnacity,” Globe and Mail, March 20, 2014, https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/sergey-karaganov-the-man-behind-putins-pugnacity/article17734125/.
21. Bobo Lo, Russian Foreign Policy in the Post-Soviet Era (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2002), 52.
22. “Meeting of the Valdai International Discussion Club,” President of Russia website, September 19, 2013, http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/19243.
23. “Vladimir Putin Prinial Uchastii v Plenarnom Zasedanii Iubilneinoi Sessii Generalnoi Assemblii OON v Niu Yorki,” President of Russia website, September 28, 2015, http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/50385.
24. Angela Stent, Russia and Germany Reborn, 21–26.
25. Mr. X [George F. Kennan], “The Sources of Soviet Conduct,” Foreign Affairs, July 1947, https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/russian-federation/1947-07-01/sources-soviet-conduct.
26. Jonathan Steele, “Putin Warns of Security Backlash,” The Guardian, September 5, 2004, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/sep/06/chechnya.russia2.
27. Peter Pomerantsev, “The Hidden Author of Putinism,” The Atlantic, November 7, 2014, https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/11/hidden-author-putinism-russia-vladislav-surkov/382489/.
28. Michael McFaul, From Cold War to Hot Peace: An American Ambassador in Putin’s Russia (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2018).
29. “Transcript of the Inauguration of Vladimir Putin as President of Russia,” President of Russia website, May 7, 2004, http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/48210.
Chapter Three: Ambivalent Europeans
1. Pravda , December 19, 1984.
2. “Vladimir Putin, interview to the Italian newspaper ‘Il Corriere della Sera,’” Corriere della Sera, June 7, 2015, https://www.corriere.it/english/15_giugno_07/vladimir-putin-interview-to-the-italian-newspaper-corriere-sera-44c5a66c-0d12-11e5-8612-1eda5b996824.shtml?refresh_ce-cp.
3. Edward H. Carr, “Russia and Europe as a Theme of Russian History,” in Essays Presented to Sir Lewis Namier, ed. Richard Pares and Alan John Percivale Taylor (London: St. Martin’s Press, 1956), 385.
4. Angela E. Stent, “Reluctant Europeans: Three Centuries of Russian Ambivalence Toward the West,” chap. 7 in Russian Foreign Policy in the Twenty-First Century and the Shadow of the Past, ed. Robert Legvold (New York: Columbia University Press, 2007).
5. Simon Sebag Montefiore, The Romanovs 1613–1918 (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2016), 86.
6. “Vistuplenie M. S. Gorbacheva v Britanskom Parlamente,” Izvestiia, December 18, 1984.
7. Address given by Mikhail Gorbachev to the Council of Europe, July 6, 1989, https://www.cvce.eu/content/publication/2002/9/20/4c021687-98f9-4727-9e8b-836e0bc1f6fb/publishable_en.pdf.
8. “U.S.: Rumsfeld’s ‘Old’ And ‘New’ Europe Touches On Uneasy Divide,” Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, January 24, 2003, https://www.rferl.org/a/1102012.html.
9. Susan Stewart, Russland und der Europarat (Berlin: Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik, 2013), 7.
10. Council of Europe website, “Who We Are,” https://www.coe.int/en/web/about-us/who-we-are.
11. William E. Pomeranz, “Uneasy Partners: Russia and the European Court of Human Rights,” Human Rights Brief 19, no. 3 (2012): 17–21, http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/hrbrief/vol19/iss3/3/.
12. “Russia Tests Council of Europe in Push to Regain Vote,” Financial Times, November 26, 2017, https://www.ft.com/content/3cccaf92-d12c-11e7-b781-794ce08b24dc.
13. Adam Davy, “Pussy Riot Protesters Jailed for World Cup Final Pitch Invasion,” Moscow Times , July 17, 2018, https://themoscowtimes.com/news/pussy-riot-protesters-jailed-world-cup-final-pitch-invasion-62267.
14. Michael Emerson, “EU-Russia: Four Common Spaces and the Proliferation of the Fuzzy,” Opinions, EurActiv, May 24, 2005, https://www.euractiv.com/section/global-europe/opinion/eu-russia-four-common-spaces-and-the-proliferation-of-the-fuzzy/.
15. “Soglashenie ob Assotsiatsii Mezhdu Ukrainoi i ES,” June 27, 2014, https://ria.ru/spravka/20140627/1013902739.html.
16. Press and Information Team of the Delegation to Russia, “The European Union and the Russian Federation,” European External Access Service, November 21, 2017, https://eeas.europa.eu/headquarters/headquarters-homepage/35939/european-union-and-russian-federation_en.
17. European Parliamentary Research Service (EPRS), EU-Russia Trade, PE 557.023 (Brussels: May 2015); and EPRS, Economic Impact on the EU of Sanctions over Ukraine Conflict, PE 569.020 (Brussels: October 2015).
18. Péter Krekó, Marie Macaulay, Csaba Molnár, Lóránt Győri, “Europe’s New Pro-Putin Coalition: The Parties of ‘No,’” Institute of Modern Russia, August 3, 2105, https://imrussia.org/en/analysis/world/2368-europes-new-pro-putin-coalition-the-parties-of-no.
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