Джонатан Димблби - Barbarossa - How Hitler Lost the War [calibre]

Stalingrad, battle of (1942–3) xlii , 161 n , 316 n , 474 n , 487 , 496 , 497–8 , 498 n , 506 ; see also Leningrad

Steinhardt, Laurence 219 , 200 , 301 , 335

Stilwell, General Joseph ‘Vinegar Joe’ 491

Stimson, Henry L. 226 , 233 , 492

Strang, William 59 , 62–3 , 66 , 67 , 69 n

Sudetenland 48–9

Sukhinichi, Soviet Union 239 , 285

tanks: KV-1 104 , 193 ; T-26 193 ; T-28 193 ; T-34 104 , 193 , 280 , 311 , 316 , 349 , 350 , 353 , 406 , 431

TASS 71 , 126–7 , 332

Teheran Conference (1943) 506–7

Timoshenko, Marshal Semyon 86 , 104 , 235 ; Barbarossa launch and 103 , 123 , 124 , 128 , 129 , 138 , 139–40 , 141 , 144 , 154 , 156 , 175 , 176 ; Kiev battle and 279 , 281 , 311 ; replaces Pavlov as commander of the Western Front 409 , 410 ; Stalin and 471 ; Yelnya bridgehead and 271 , 273 , 274

Tobruk, Libya 120 , 158 , 440

Tolstoy, Leo 222 , 274 , 395 , 425–6

Torch, Operation (1942–3) 503

Treblinka extermination camp, Poland 375

Trepper, Leopold (codenamed Otto) 130 , 138

Tripartite Pact (1940) 92–3 , 92 n , 94–5 , 109 , 111 , 119 , 122 , 387 , 390

Trotsky, Leon 39 , 395

Tukhachevsky, Marshal Mikhail 42–3 , 44 , 341

Tula, Soviet Union 357–8 , 359 , 401 , 405 , 406 , 408 , 425–7 , 428–33 , 446 , 449–50 , 458 , 460 , 476

Turkey 110 , 158 , 161

Typhoon, Operation (Battle of Moscow, 1941) 307 , 308–435 , 446 , 473 ; see also Moscow

U-boat 75 , 120 , 227 , 231–2 , 305 , 386 , 445 , 492 , 494–5 , 504

Ufimtsev, Grigory 327 , 327 n , 452

Ukraine 91 , 103 , 120 , 122 , 133 , 136 , 144 , 170 , 182 , 201 , 206–7 , 212 , 235 , 250 , 255 , 286 , 294 n , 367 , 412 , 417 n , 466 , 501 , 508 ; Great Famine (1932–33) and 26–32 , 29 n , 32 n , 37 , 38 , 205 , 268 , 288 , 500 ; Hunger Plan and 205 , 206 , 207 , 212 , 243 , 473 , 500 ; Jews murdered in 268–9 , 281–4 , 363 , 367–8 ; Kiev see Kiev ; kulaks , Stalin’s persecution of 26–32 , 37 , 44 , 52 , 82 , 288 , 500 ; Volga German Autonomous Republic 288–9

Ukrainische Hilfspolizei (Ukrainian Auxiliary Police) 268

Ultra (intelligence decrypted from German radio and teleprinter communications by the Government Code and Cypher School, Bletchley Park) 126 , 376 , 376 n

Uman, Ukraine 241 , 243 , 367–8

United States of America xlvi , 5–6 , 32–8 ; ABC-1 agreement (1941) and 437 , 469 ; Allied Combined Chiefs of Staff and 469 , 491–2 , 491 n ; Arcadia Conference and 490–91 ; ‘Arsenal of Democracy’, Roosevelt’s vision of as 99 , 217 , 232 , 387 n , 494 , 504 ; Atlantic Conference (1941) and 218 , 227–30 , 231 , 232 , 254 , 296 ; Atlantic convoys and 231–2 , 254 ; Barbarossa launch and 187 ; Barbarossa origins/Hitler’s motives for and 98–9 , 98 n , 137 ; British Middle East battles, view of within 216–17 , 219 ; Churchill and 111 , 216–17 , 216 n , 227–30 , 437–8 , 443 , 469–70 ; Churchill visits (1941) 437–8 , 443 , 469–70 ; Congress 6 , 6 n , 32 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 98 , 217 , 229 , 231 , 386–7 , 436 , 437 , 469 , 490 , 493 ; ‘Destroyers for Bases’ deal with Britain 98 , 98 n ; detached neutrality policy 6 , 32–3 ; election (1932) 32 ; election (1940) 98 ; ‘Europe First’/‘Germany First’ strategy and 437 , 469 , 490 , 491 ; Great Depression and 32–3 ; Harriman-Beaverbrook mission to Moscow and 300–307 , 386 ; Hitler declares war on 436–7 ; Hopkins meetings with Churchill and Stalin and 215–27 ; Iceland occupation 254 , 254 ; Japan, relations with 387–9 , 435 , 436–7 , 444 , 445 , 490 ; Lend Lease programme and 219 n , 386 , 494 , 505 ; Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact and 186–7 ; Neutrality Act 386 , 387 ; New Deal 33 ; North African second front and 491–3 , 503–4 ; Overlord Operation and xli , 490 n , 506 , 507 ; ‘Pacific First’ strategy and 490 , 491 ; Pearl Harbor (1941), reaction to Japanese attack on 227 n , 436–8 , 444 , 445 , 489 , 490 ; Reichsbank and 18 ; Roosevelt and see Roosevelt, Franklin Delano ; ‘shoot on sight’ policy 232 ; Soviet Union, military aid to 99 , 188 , 217–18 , 226–7 , 231 , 232 , 233 , 385–6 , 387 n , 494 , 504–5 ; Soviet Union, rapprochement with 34–8 , 187–8 ; Teheran Conference (1943) and 233–4 , 506–7 ; Torch, Operation and 503 ; Tripartite Pact (1940) and 92 n ; Versailles Treaty and 5–6 ; Wall Street Crash (1929) 18

US Navy 445 , 490 , 494

USS Greer 232

USS Reuben James 387

Verzhbitsky, Nikolai 339 , 340 , 342

Versailles Treaty (1919) xlvi , 4–5 , 6–7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 19 , 24 , 33 , 46 , 47 , 56 , 70 , 464

Volga German Autonomous Republic 288–9

Volksdeutscher Selbstschutz 79 , 79 n

Volokolamsk Highway, Soviet Union 412–14 , 416

Voronkov, Mikhail 340–41 , 342

Voroshilov, Marshal Kliment 68 , 69–70 , 86 , 176 , 177 , 290 , 471

Vyazma, Soviet Union 195 , 273 , 311–26 , 346 , 352 , 356 , 425 , 429 , 447 , 496 ; Vyazma-Bryansk, battle of (1941) 195 , 311–26 , 346 , 352 , 356 , 447

Vyshinsky, Andrei 117 , 117 n , 120 , 121 , 298

Wagner, Eduard 313 , 348–9 , 422 , 477

Warlimont, General Walter 107 , 107 n , 208 , 208 n , 480 , 489

Wavell, General Archibald 110 , 158–9 , 162 , 162 n

Webb, Beatrice 25 , 31 , 114

Wehrmacht: atrocities committed by German forces and xlv , 77–8 , 80–81 , 107 n , 108 , 164 , 167–70 , 179–80 , 197 , 199–204 , 263 , 270 , 281–4 , 363 , 365 , 367–8 ; Barbarossa battles see individual battle, campaign and area name ; Barbarossa Order 107 n , 108 , 169–70 ; Barbarossa planning 93 , 95 , 98–100 , 107–9 , 134 ; blitzkrieg tactics 60 , 87 , 111 , 130 , 133 , 141–2 , 164–5 , 182 , 186 , 205 , 237 , 255 , 273–4 , 276 , 308 , 309 , 416 , 421 , 475 , 485 , 487 , 496 ; casualty numbers 183 , 249 , 260 , 271 , 272 , 308 , 349 , 360 , 421–2 , 446 , 484 , 496 , 498 , 499–500 ; commanders sacked or cashiered by Hitler 479–82 ; Commissar Order 107 n , 167 , 169 , 170 ; desertions/surrenders 248 ; encirclement tactics 172–4 , 179 ; exhaustion of troops 200 , 209 , 212 , 247 , 252 , 311 , 318–19 , 351 , 361 , 405 , 406–7 , 408 , 415 , 419 , 420 , 426 , 427 , 428 , 432 , 433 , 434 , 446 , 455 ; Hitler appoints himself Commander-in-Chief of 48 ; Hitler appoints himself Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces 474 , 475 , 479–82 ; Hitler, reverence for within 47 , 135 , 351–2 ; Hunger Plan and 205–8 , 243 , 500 ; Kriegsmarine 75 , 89–90 , 110 ; Luftwaffe see Luftwaffe ; manpower shortages 246 , 325 , 360 , 422 , 484 , 485–6 , 487 ; morale 181–2 , 246 , 247 , 414–15 , 430 , 432 , 447–8 , 473 ; ‘scorched earth’ directive 482 ; size of forces/combat strength 49 , 104 , 134 , 137 , 141 , 205 , 260 , 278 , 311 , 408–9 , 421 , 446 , 462 , 484–5 , 497 , 499 ; supply lines 256 , 325 , 402 , 404 , 407 , 486–7 , 497 ; supply shortages 191 , 325 , 348 , 350 , 360 , 401 , 403 , 404 , 407 , 408 , 414 , 415 , 420 , 422 , 432 , 433 , 477 , 484–6 , 487 ; winter weather, Russian and xlii , xliv , 113 , 180–81 , 182 , 186 , 247 , 249 , 256 , 258 , 274 , 277–8 , 292 , 298 , 305 , 308 , 310 , 325 , 347–8 , 349 , 350 , 351 , 359–60 , 380 , 401 , 403 , 404–5 , 406 , 407 , 408 , 414–16 , 419 , 420 , 426–7 , 430 , 431–2 , 446 , 449–50 , 477–8 , 486–7 , 498 ; see also individual battle and commander name

Wehrmacht units: Armies : 2nd Army 318 , 476 ; 4th Army 172 , 179 , 360 , 407 , 414 , 419–20 , 428 , 433 , 434 , 446 , 474 , 475 , 476 , 497–8 ; 6th Army 161 n , 270 , 473 , 497–8 ; 18th Army 290 ; Ostheer (Army of the East) xliii , 173 , 183 , 249 , 258 , 270 , 309 , 322 , 325 , 348 , 350 , 363 , 390 , 422 , 446 , 457 n , 483 , 486 , 489 , 495 , 496 , 497 ; Army Groups : Army Group A 497 ; Army Group B 497–8 ; Army Group Centre xlii , xliii , 134 , 135–6 , 144 , 164 , 169 , 173–4 , 209 , 210 , 213–14 , 247 , 249 , 250 , 251 , 253 , 254 , 256 , 259 , 260 , 264 , 270 , 271–2 , 276 , 277 , 291 , 309 , 312 , 313 , 314 , 319 , 348 , 349 , 351 , 357 , 358 , 360 , 361 , 365 , 368 , 401–3 , 404 , 409 , 421 , 427–8 , 446 , 454–5 , 474 , 475 , 480 , 483 , 495 , 496 , 499 , 506 ; Army Group North xliii , 134 , 143 , 182 , 209 , 210–11 , 235 , 252 , 256 , 291 , 309 , 348–9 , 404 , 454 , 455 , 481 ; Army Group South xliii , 134 , 143–4 , 182–3 , 209 , 210–11 , 235 , 241 , 251 , 256 , 276 , 281 , 309 , 312 , 328 n , 348–9 , 403–4 , 454 , 455 , 473 , 474 n , 499 ; Brigades : 5th Panzer Brigade 431 , 449 ; Corps : Afrika Korps 110 , 120 , 158 , 162 , 171 , 248 , 377 , 378 , 440 , 503 ; 7th Corps 407 ; 19th Army Corps 76 , 133 ; 41st Panzer Corps 434 ; 42nd Panzer Corps 168 ; 43rd Army Corps 167–8 , 209 , 213 , 346 , 351 , 401–2 , 405–6 , 426–7 , 430–31 , 449 , 482–3 , 486 ; 46th Panzer Corps 324 ; Divisions : 2nd Panzer Division 423 ; 7th Panzer Division 423 ; 10th (Motorized) Infantry Division 478 ; 10th Panzer Division 352 , 433 ; 13th Division 407 ; 17th Panzer Division 171–2 , 287 , 346 , 432–3 ; 18th Panzer Division 212–13 , 248 , 249 ; 23rd Infantry Division 433 ; 35th Infantry Division 247 , 323–4 ; 45th Infantry Division 133 , 134 , 146 , 163–4 , 280 ; 56th Infantry Division 447 ; 98th Infantry Division 402–3 ; 106th Infantry Division 411 ; 112th Infantry Division 406 ; 707th Infantry Division 365 ; High Command: OKH ( Oberkommando des Heeres ) (Army High Command) xlii , 65 , 72 , 81 , 107 , 109 , 147 , 164 , 173 , 209–10 , 243 , 249–50 , 252–4 , 256 , 257 , 272 , 351 , 357 , 358–9 , 360 , 408 , 427 , 428 , 433 , 435 , 473 , 475 , 476 , 497 ; OKW ( Oberkommando der Wehrmacht ) (Wehrmacht High Command) 107 , 107 n , 135 , 147 , 164 , 169 , 173 , 204 , 205 , 206 , 208–9 , 208 n , 211 , 214–15 , 249–50 , 256 , 257 , 301 , 360 , 476 ; Panzer Groups : Panzer Group 1 (redesignated 1st Panzer Army) 279 , 280 , 404 ; Panzer Group 2 (redesignated 2nd Panzer Army) 133–4 , 139 , 146 , 147 , 163 , 164 , 168 , 170 , 171–3 , 174–5 , 179 , 182 , 211 , 257 , 271 , 276 , 279 , 280 , 286 , 289 , 293 , 309–10 , 312–13 , 314 , 316 , 318 , 319 , 348 , 349 , 350 , 355 , 357–8 , 404–8 , 425–7 , 430 , 432–3 , 446 , 448–9 , 475–6 ; Panzer Group 3 135–6 , 164 , 173 , 179 , 211 , 309 , 319–20 , 321–2 , 404 , 416 , 417 , 418 , 421 , 423 , 433 , 434 , 446 , 448 ; Panzer Group 4 (redesignated, 4th Panzer Army) 291 , 309 , 320 , 352–3 , 401 , 404 , 411 , 418 , 421 , 423 , 433 , 434 , 446 , 471 , 480 , 497–8 ; Regiments : 11th Panzer Regiment 324–5 ; 18th Infantry Regiment 181–2