Джонатан Димблби - Barbarossa - How Hitler Lost the War [calibre]

Reichskriminalpolizeiamt 369

Reichssicherheitshauptamt (RSHA) (Reich Main Security Office) xlv , 78 , 373

Reichstag, Berlin 18 , 20–21 , 23 , 25 , 54 , 57 ; Fire (1933) 23 , 23–4 n , 24

Reinhardt, General Georg-Hans 417 , 417 n , 421 , 423 , 433 , 434

Rhineland 6 , 16 , 47 , 464–5

Ribbentrop, Joachim von 65 , 71 , 73–4 , 89 , 90 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 123 , 142 , 143 , 145 , 391 , 509 ; see also Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact

Richenau, General Walther von 270 , 473 , 474 n

Röhm, Ernst 50 , 51 , 58

Rokossovsky, Lieutenant General Konstantin 410–11 , 416–17 , 419 , 423 , 424 , 425 , 462 , 471 , 480

Romania 73 , 91 , 92 , 96 , 100 , 109 , 111 , 112 , 124 , 144 , 383 , 440 , 464 , 466 , 467 , 502 , 508

Rommel, General Erwin 110 , 120 , 158 , 162 , 171 , 248 , 377 , 378 , 440 , 503

Roosevelt, Franklin Delano 57 , 187 n ; ABC-1 agreement (1941) 437 , 469 ; ‘Arsenal of Democracy’, vision of the United States as 99 , 217 , 232 , 387 n , 494 , 504 ; Atlantic Charter (1941) and 229 , 230 , 254 , 307 , 384–5 , 442 , 466 , 467 ; Atlantic Conference (1941) and 218 , 227–30 , 231 , 232 , 254 , 296 ; Atlantic convoys and 231–2 , 254 ; Barbarossa launch and xlvi , 187 ; Barbarossa origins and 98–9 , 98 n ; Churchill and 111 , 216–17 , 216 n , 218 , 227–30 , 232 , 298 , 388 , 389 , 436 , 437–8 , 439 , 443 , 444 , 465 , 467 , 469–70 , 490–93 , 504 ; Combined Chiefs of Staff and 469 , 491–2 , 491 n ; Dill and 441 n ; election (1932) 32 ; election (1940) 98 ; ‘entangling alliances’, on unavoidable nature of 6 ; ‘Europe First’/‘Germany First’ strategy and 437 , 469 , 490 , 491 , 492 , 493 , 504 , 506 ; Great Depression and 32–3 ; Harriman and 219 n , 295 , 386 ; Hitler mocks 57 ; Hopkins and 215 , 216 , 218–19 , 220 , 224–7 , 228 , 230 , 232 ; Japan, approach towards 388–9 ; Kearny affair and 386–7 ; Lend Lease programme and 219 n , 386 , 494 ; Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact and 186–7 ; New Deal 33 ; North African second front and 491–3 , 504 ; Pearl Harbor (1941) and 436 , 438 , 444 , 445 ; post-war borders of Eastern Europe and 439 , 465 , 467 , 469–70 , 506 ; ‘shoot on sight’ policy 232 ; Soviet Union, outlook on supplies of military aid to 99 , 187 , 188 , 217–18 , 226–7 , 231 , 232 , 385–6 , 387 n , 494 , 504 ; Soviet Union, rapprochement in relations with 34–8 , 186–7 ; Stalin and 225 , 226 , 296 , 385–6 , 506 , 507 ; Teheran Conference (1943) and 233–4 , 506–7 ; US Army, cuts size of 33–4 ; USS Reuben James sinking and 387

Roslavl, Soviet Union 196 , 237 , 238 , 239 , 248 , 253 , 333 , 475

Royal Navy 88 , 112 , 112–13 n , 160 , 186 , 231 , 495

Rundstedt, General Field Marshal Gerd von 211 , 241 , 276 , 281 ; Barbarossa launch and 134 , 143–4 ; Barbarossa planning 101 ; Donbass defences, breaks through 328 n ; Dubno battle and 182–3 ; exhaustion of troops, on 403–4 ; Hitler discusses focus on Moscow with 251 ; Hitler dismisses 473 , 480 ; Kiev battle and 276 , 281

Rupp, Robert 166–7 , 355

Russian Civil War (1917–22) 5 , 8 , 11 , 34 , 39 , 43 , 58 , 96 , 129 , 151 , 279 , 290 , 410 , 439

SA (Brownshirts) 21 , 50–51 , 89

Sachsenhausen concentration camp, Germany 51 , 371 , 374 n

Sakharov, Andrei 337 , 338 , 390 , 462–3

Scheliha, Rudolf von (code name Ariets) 100–102 , 101 n , 122 , 134

Schmidt, Paul 55 , 93–4

Schmundt, Rudolf 258 , 258 n , 455 , 474 , 476 , 477 , 480

Schulenburg, Friedrich-Werner Graf von der 70 , 138–9 , 145 , 145 n

SD (Nazi Party’s intelligence organization) 78 , 79 , 135

Sealion, Operation (Nazi plan for invasion of Britain) xlvii , 57 , 97–8 , 119 , 125 , 126–7 , 137 , 159 , 211

Seeds, Sir William 66 , 69 , 69 n

Shaposhnikov, General Boris 278 , 279 , 293 , 312 , 320–21 , 416 , 417 , 425

Shaw, George Bernard 25–6 , 30 , 39

Shcherbakov, Alexander 330–31 , 333 , 341 , 344 , 393

Shlyapin (commissar) 288 , 314–15 , 316–17

Shostakovich, Dmitri 337–8 , 338 n

Sicily 491 , 493 , 504

Simonov, Konstantin 172 , 178 , 197

Slavic people 20 , 24 , 77 , 80 , 83 , 91 , 136 , 167 , 201 , 207 , 243 , 376 , 418 , 485 n , 502 n

Sledgehammer, Operation (1942) 492

Smolensk, Soviet Union 82 , 165 , 174 , 180 , 182 , 196 , 199 , 209 , 210 , 211 , 212 , 213 , 214 , 235 , 240 , 255 , 271 , 280 , 287 , 308 , 316 , 346 , 403 , 446 , 447 , 486 , 496 , 499

Sobibor concentration camp, Poland 373 , 375 , 502

Sokolovsky, General Vasily 273–4 , 457 , 457 n

Solzhenitsyn, Alexander 28 n , 106

Sorge, Richard 123 , 128 , 391–2

Soviet Air Forces 104 , 105 , 148 , 149 , 165 , 211 , 224 , 286 , 310 , 338–9 , 446 , 451–2

Soviet Union: Anglo-Soviet ‘Agreement for Joint Action’ and xlvi , 184 , 185–6 ; Anniversary of the October Revolution (1941) 393–8 ; Baltic States and see Baltic States ; Berlin Treaty (1926) and 17 , 57 ; Black Sea, tension with Germany over 90–94 , 91 n , 95 ; Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of (1918) 11 , 11 n , 12 ; British government/Chamberlain attempts to recalibrate relationship with 58–63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 68 , 69 ; casualties, Barbarossa civilian 223–4 , 224 n , 500 ; casualties, Red Army see Red Army ; Churchill and British relationship with see Churchill, Sir Winston ; Five Year Plans 26–7 , 70 ; Genoa Conference and 9–10 , 12–14 ; Great Famine (1932–33) 26–32 , 29 n , 32 n , 37 , 38 , 44 , 196 ; Great Purge/Great Terror 39–44 , 45 , 81–2 , 86 , 114 , 192 n , 219 , 500 ; Japan and 35 , 104 , 122–3 , 234–5 , 387 , 389 , 390–92 , 408 ; kulaks, persecution of 26–32 , 37 , 44 , 52 , 82 , 500 ; military aid to, Allied provision of 99 , 162 , 163 , 184–5 , 186 , 187 , 188–90 , 217–18 , 224 , 225 , 226–7 , 231 , 232 , 233 , 297–8 , 301 , 303 n , 379 , 380 , 383 , 385–6 , 387 n , 470 , 494 , 504–5 ; Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact and xlvi , 65–7 , 69–72 , 73–5 , 83 , 89 , 143 ; Moscow Peace Treaty (1940) 85 ; NKVD see NKVD ; OGPU see OGPU ; Politburo 29 , 39 , 40 , 44 , 58 , 60 , 66 , 74 , 82 , 103 , 105 , 117 , 123 , 124 , 129 , 138 , 139 , 144 , 176 , 192 , 192 n , 329 , 339 , 343 , 344 , 396 ; post-war power of xli , 305–7 , 463–72 , 506–9 ; Potsdam Conference (1945) 508 ; Rapallo treaty (1922) and xlvi , 3–4 , 8–10 , 11 , 13 , 14–15 , 14 n , 17 , 57 , 70 ; Reinsurance Treaty (1887) and 11 ; revolution/birth of 5 , 7–8 , 39 ; St Petersburg Massacre (1905) 38 ; Teheran Conference (1943) 506–7 ; ‘Trial of the Seventeen’ 12 n ; Winter War and 83–6 , 87 , 90 , 93 , 106 , 109 , 114 , 187 , 290 , 353 n , 485 ; Yalta Conference (1945) and 507–8 ; see also Stalin, Joseph

Speer, Albert 54 , 71 , 497

SS xlv , 46 , 49 , 50 , 77 , 78–9 , 81 , 89 , 94 , 135 , 202 , 236 n , 263–4 , 265 , 267 , 268 , 269 , 270 , 284 , 284 n , 352 , 353 , 363 , 364 , 365 , 366 , 367 , 368 , 371 , 373 , 418 , 419 , 501 , 502 ; brigades 263–4 , 267 , 268 ; Einsatzgruppen see Einsatzgruppen ; SS Das Reich Division 418–19 ; SS-Sonderkommando 371

Stahel, David 319 , 343 , 495

Stalin, Joseph xliii–xliv , xlvi , xlvii ; Anglo-Soviet ‘Agreement for Joint Action’ and 185 ; Anniversary of the October Revolution celebrations (1941) and 393–8 ; Barbarossa launch and 144–5 , 148 , 149 , 150–51 , 156 , 176–7 , 178 , 179 , 183 , 190 , 194 ; Barbarossa, warnings of/preparedness for xlii , 93 , 95–6 , 100 , 101–6 , 118–25 , 126 , 127–30 , 137 , 138 , 139 , 139 n , 140 , 143 ; birth and childhood 38 ; blocking units and xliv , 293–4 ; British government/Chamberlain attempts to recalibrate relationship with 58–63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 68 , 69 ; broadcast/address to Soviet people (3 July, 1941) 177 , 179 , 183 , 190 , 192 ; Churchill and 116–17 , 118–22 , 162 , 177 , 184 , 185 , 186 , 187 , 188–90 , 226 , 232–3 , 296–9 , 302 , 378 , 379 , 380 , 381–5 , 386 , 394–5 , 438 , 439–40 , 493–4 , 503 n , 505 , 506–7 ; Churchill meets 493 , 503 n , 507 ; Cripps and 114 , 115 , 116 , 117 , 119 , 185 , 226 , 232 , 298–9 , 302 , 466 , 468 ; death 43 , 44 ; Dedovsk, mistaken belief that Germans had taken 423–5 ; Directive No. 2 145 ; Directive No. 3 156 ; Eden’s meetings with 438–9 , 440 , 441 , 442 , 443–4 , 463–72 , 506–7 , 508 ; Europe’s post-war borders and xli , 463–72 , 506–9 ; Five Year Plan, first 26–7 ; George Bernard Shaw and 25–6 ; GKO (Gosudarstvennyj Komitet Oborony) (State Defence Committee) and 177 , 177 n , 194 ; Great Famine (1932–33) and 26–32 , 29 n , 32 n , 37 , 38 , 205 , 268 , 288 , 500 ; ‘Great Patriotic War’, names Germany’s Eastern Front conflict xli ; Great Purge/Great Terror 39–44 , 81–2 , 86 , 114 , 192 n , 219 , 500 ; Harriman-Beaverbrook meeting with 296 , 300–307 , 330 , 379 , 386 , 394 ; Hitler and 56–8 , 70–71 , 255 ; Hopkins meets 218–21 , 224–6 , 227 , 232–3 , 234 ; Japan, relations with 122–3 , 389 , 390 , 391 , 392 ; Kiev battle and 278–9 , 289 ; kulaks and 26–32 , 37 , 44 , 52 , 82 , 288 , 500 ; Leningrad siege and 289 , 290 , 292 , 294 ; Litvinov and 35 , 60 , 300 , 303 , 303 n ; MacDonald’s Labour government restores relations with 18 ; military aid to Soviet Union (British/US) and 98 , 162 , 163 , 184–5 , 186 , 187 , 188–90 , 217–18 , 224 , 225 , 226–7 , 231 , 232 , 233 , 297–8 , 301 , 303 n , 379 , 380 , 383 , 385–6 , 387 n , 470 , 494 , 504–5 ; Molotov and 60–61 ; Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact (1939) and 66 , 69–72 , 73–5 , 88 , 90 , 91 , 121–2 , 143 ; Moscow battle and 301 , 310–11 , 312 , 320 , 321 , 334–5 , 339 , 341 , 343–5 , 356 , 408 , 409–12 , 423–5 , 446 ; Moscow, on impact of Hitler’s dithering over attack on 301 ; Moscow, preparations to leave 334–5 , 339 , 343–4 ; Order No. 270 (no surrender) 240–42 , 292 , 293–4 ; paranoia xliv , 8 , 12 n , 40 , 43 , 60 , 81 , 106 , 124 , 501 ; Poland, Soviet invasion of and 81–2 ; Potsdam Conference and 508 ; Red Army counter-attack on retreating German forces and 446 , 496 ; rise of 38–9 ; Romania and 90 , 91 ; second front, lobbies Churchill for 189–90 , 296–9 , 378 , 379 , 380 , 381–5 , 394–5 , 438 , 439–40 , 493–4 ; Teheran Conference (1943) and 233–4 , 506–7 ; tyranny animated by a malign combination of ideology and paranoia 501 ; United States and 186–7 , 217–21 , 224–6 , 227 , 232–3 , 234 ; Volga German Autonomous Republic and 288–9 ; volunteer divisions and 194–7 ; Vyazma battle and 319 ; Winter War and 85–6 , 93 ; Yalta Conference (1945) and 507–8 ; Zhukov assures Moscow can be held 417 ; Zhukov, fires 234–5 , 271