Leslie Peirce - Empress of the East - How a European Slave Girl Became Queen of the Ottoman Empire

of Sigismund Augustus, 224–225

Mecca, 10, 66, 75, 137, 170, 188, 247, 264–265, 265(fig.), 289, 301

de Medici, Catherine, 251, 296, 312

Medina, 10, 170, 264–265, 289, 301

Mehmed (Mustafa’s son), 201–202, 286

Mehmed (son), 105(fig.), 203(fig.)

as intermediary for his mother, 140–141

birth of, 53–56, 72

circumcision of, 102–108, 112–113

combat experience, 202–203, 208–209

competition among princes, 7

death of, 233–237

Mehmed’s education and service, 204

emergence into politics, 110–111

memorial mosque, 238–240

preparation for governing, 122

provincial goverment posting, 214, 216, 218, 226

Mehmed II “the Conqueror,” 86(fig.)

administration, 43

architecture of the New Palace, 131–132

Christian art and relics, 192–193

construction of the harem, 136–137

crisis of succession, 60–61

ending the Karaman-Ottoman wars, 215

financing military expansion, 87

Franco-Ottoman connection, 14

fratricide and violence, 63

hospital construction, 266

marriage of, 198

mosque construction, 239

execution of Mahmud (grand vizier)

New Palace, 12

Old Palace, 27–28

philanthropy, 47, 170–171

remodeling the New Palace, 134

Roman successorship, 160

soldiers’ revolt, 59–60

upgrading the New Palace, 133–134

Menavino Giovanni Antonio, 39, 40, 45, 100, 115, 204

Mengli Giray, 65

Merkez Efendi, 230, 232

Mevlevi order, 228(fig), 228–229

Mihri Hatun, 215

Mihrumah (daughter), 96, 205(fig.)

as female companion, 301

Bayezid’s execution, 306–307

birth of, 58–59, 72, 94, 110

devotion to Bayezid, 309–310

emergence of female patronage, 188

festivities in Adrianople, 261

inherited wealth, 243

marriage of, 205–208

needlework and correspondence, 79

political service, 223, 225, 250, 253–254

relations with Selim, 306–307, 310

upbringing, 11

military campaigns

capture of Rhodes, 58

central Europe, 101

circumcision celebration as display of power, 103–104

construction of the Suleymaniye with the spoils of war, 263–264

Egyptian revolt, 71

German campaign, 101, 163, 219

governance in Suleyman’s absence, 117

governance without, 314

Hafsa following the news of, 113–114

Iranian campaigns, 108–109, 116, 138, 257–258, 260–263, 269–271, 270(fig.), 274, 280, 285–288

maintaining family life during, 141–144

Mehmed’s death cooling Suleyman’s desire for, 237

mock battle to celebrate Egyptian conquest, 107

Mustafa’s education, 82–83

return from Iran (1536), 145

rivalry between Suleyman’s sons, 304–305

Roxelana’s correspondence and counsel, 282–285

Selim I, 63–66

Suleyman’s hiatus from, 71, 219–220

Suleyman’s inherited empire, 10–11

taking and losing Buda, 72–73, 82–83

the princes’ combat experience, 202–203, 222, 275–279

Mongols, 16–19, 60, 63, 77, 117, 146, 215, 227

monogamy, 208

Roxelana’s growing political power, 79–80

Roxelana’s rise as Suleyman’s favorite, 59–60

Selim II’s succession to Suleyman, 311–312

Suleyman’s desire to secure the dynasty, 61–62

Suleyman’s succession of his father, 68

Mosque of the Prince, 238–239

mosques

Hafsa’s mosque (Sultaniye) 113–114

Haseki Avrat, 172–174, 176–177, 182–187, 192

historical debate, 186

Istanbul foundation, 170–171

Istanbul’s built landscape, 46–47

Manisa, 231–232

Ka’aba, 265, 265(fig.)

Mehmed’s memorial mosque, 238–240

Roxelana’s design for, 164–165

sufi spirituality, 228

Suleymaniye, 95, 295(fig.)

Turhan’s mosque, 316(fig.)

motherhood

birth control, 111–112

care of a royal household, 85–86

concerns for the children’s futures, 92

death and difficulties, 72

elevation of status through, 55–57

identity formation through, 91

in the event of a prince’s death, 85–87

issues of succession, 297–299

learning to raise a child, 57–58

professonalizing the offspring, 101

muhaddere (chaste behavior), 126–127

Murad (Suleyman’s son), 35–36, 53–55, 64

Murad II, 14, 60–61, 87, 199–200, 271

Murad III, 238, 296, 309–312, 314

Muscovy, 24, 25, 38

Mustafa `Ali, 152, 239, 308

Mustafa (Suleyman’s son), 105(fig.)

age of provincial service, 57

arrival in Istanbul after Selim I’s death, 93–94

as political threat, 285–286

charge of treason, 269–270

circumcision of the princes, 102–108, 112–113

emergence into politics, 101–103, 108–110

execution, 271–280, 297

formal education, 82–83

harmony with Roxelana, 82

Ibrahim’s part in the rivalry with Roxelana’s sons, 165–166

Iranian campaign, 270–271, 270(fig.)

Janissaries’ admiration for, 240

Mahidevran’s privilege, 83–84

Mehmed’s birth, 55

military and political service, 149–150

mother and status, 35–36

palace criticism of Roxelana, 148–149

provincial government, 208, 222–223

public opinion, 7–8, 271–272, 275, 290

relationships with Suleyman, 95

rivalries among the princes, 10, 62, 73

naval forces, 73, 219

See also Hayreddin Barbarossa

nedim (boon companion of the sultan), 167–168

needlework, 39–40, 79, 252, 255

New Palace

architecture of, 128–131, 130(fig.), 131–133, 132(fig.), 134–135

female quarters, 45–46, 136–137

illustration, 49(fig.), 130(fig.), 132(fig.)

kitchens, 132–133

queen mother’s apartments, 311(fig.)

reflecting the power of the empire, 133–134

residents and offices, 29–30

Roxelana’s domestic responsibilities, 241–242

Roxelana’s residence in, 114–115, 121–125, 127–128, 136

Novosiltsov, Ivan, 26

nuclear family, Roxelana’s, 6, 72

Nurbanu (Selim II’s concubine), 238, 295–296, 311–313

Oghuz Khan, 17

Oliviera Despina, 198–199

Old Palace

education of the women, 41

fire in, 212–213

Hafsa’s status, 34–36

hierarchy of, 27–29

history of, 27–28

princes’ education, 45–46

role of princesses, 37–38

Roxelana’s arrival, 34

Roxelana’s domestic responsibilities, 241–242

pages (sultan’s), 78, 89, 129, 135, 138, 202, 247

Palestine, philanthropic endowment in, 288–294

patronage, political and personal, 155–156

patronage, royal, 171–172, 185–189, 191, 231, 267, 292. See also philanthropy

Peçevi, Ibrahim, 108, 113, 157, 161, 178, 204, 211, 234, 255, 270, 294, 308

philanthropy

in Aleppo, 261–262

as obligation for Muslims, 170–171

emergence of female patronage, 187–188

for sufi piety, 229–230

Hafsa’s foundation, 187, 232

Hatuniye foundation, 231

history of royal building, 194

hospital construction, 264–269

in religious sites, 264–265

Manisa, 232–233

personal meaning of, 191–192

Roxelana’s concern for Janissary welfare, 240–241

Roxelana’s endeavors in Palestine, 288–294

Roxelana’s imperial affairs, 127

Roxelana’s Istanbul foundation, 146–147, 171–172

Roxelana’s political and personal status, 188–189

See also Haseki foundation

Pilak Mustafa, 203, 211–212

pilgrimages, 188, 261–262, 264–265

poetry and poets, 8, 74, 143–144, 147–148, 162, 168, 215, 278, 305