Leslie Peirce - Empress of the East - How a European Slave Girl Became Queen of the Ottoman Empire

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First edition: September 2017

Published by Basic Books, an imprint of Perseus Books, LLC, a subsidiary of Hachette Book Group, Inc.

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Print Book Interior Design by Amy Quinn

The Library of Congress has cataloged the hardcover edition as follows:

Names: Peirce, Leslie P., author.

Title: Empress of the east : how a European slave girl became queen of the Ottoman Empire / Leslie Peirce.

Description: New York : Basic Books, 2017. | Includes bibliographical references and index.

Identifiers: LCCN 2017003912 (print) | LCCN 2017006112 (e-book) | ISBN 9780465032518 (hardback) | ISBN 9780465093090 (e-book)

Subjects: LCSH: Hurrem, consort of Sèuleyman I, Sultan of the Turks, approximately 1504–1558? | Queens—Turkey—Biography. | Turkey—Kings and rulers—Biography. | Sèuleyman I, Sultan of the Turks, 1494 or 1495–1566—Marriage. | Slaves—Turkey—Biography. |Mistresses—Turkey—Biography. | Ukrainians—Turkey—Biography. | Turkey—History—Sèuleyman I, 1520–1566. | BISAC: HISTORY / Modern / 16th Century. | BIOGRAPHY & AUTOBIOGRAPHY / Royalty. | BIOGRAPHY &A UTOBIOGRAPHY / Women. | HISTORY / Middle East / Turkey & Ottoman Empire. | BIOGRAPHY & AUTOBIOGRAPHY / Historical.

Classification: LCC DR509.H87 P47 2017 (print) | LCC DR509.H87 (e-book) | DDC 956/.015092 [B]—dc23

LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017003912

ISBNs: 978-0-465-03251-8 (hardcover); 978-0-465-09309-0 (e-book)

E3-20170816-JV-PC

Quoted in Young, Constantinople , 135.

Ives, Life , 296.

Alberi, Relazioni , 3:102n1; Hammer, Histoire , 5:487.

Isom-Verhaaren, “Royal French Women,” 174.

The term “Ruthenia” has shifted over time with regard to the regions it refers to.

Halenko, “How a Turkish Empress,” 109–110; Yermolenko, “Roxolana in Europe,” 53.

Alberi, Relazioni , 3:102.

Valensi, Birth , 12–17.

Busbecq, Letters , 28.

Neşri, Cihân-Nümâ , 1:32–33.

Ibn Battuta, Travels , 2:454.

Uluçay, Padişahların kadınları , 30–31.

Inalcık, Economic , 284.

Halenko, “How a Turkish Empress,” 112.

Fisher, “Muscovy,” 580–582.

Ibid., 580.

Abrahamowicz, “Roksolana,” 543.

Evliya, Seyahatname , 5:213–214.

Quoted in Kizilov, “Slave Trade,” 1.

Golden, “Codex,” 40.

Fisher, “Muscovy,” 583.

Evliya, Seyahatname , 7:527.

Hrushevsky, History , 160.

Bennigsen and Lemercier-Quelquejay, “Marchands,” passim.

Fisher, “Muscovy,” 585; Kizilov, “Slave Trade,” 13–14.

Kizilov, “Slave Trade,” 13–14.

Quoted in Fisher, “Muscovy,” 585.

Yermolenko, “Roxolana: The Greatest Empresse,” 234.

Kołodziejczyk, Crimean Khanate , 87.

Fisher, Crimean Tatars , 27–28.

Halenko, “How a Turkish Empress,” 114.

Twardowski, Legation , 225.

Abrahamowicz, “Roksolana,” 543.

Halenko, “How a Turkish Empress,” 114.

Yermolenko, “Roxolana: The Greatest Empresse,” 234.

The map was published by Giovanni Andrea Vavassore from an older print. Necipoğlu, Architecture , 6.

TSMA, E 10292.

Alberi, Relazioni , 3:78.

Seng, “Fugitives,” 138–139.

Ibid., 160–162.

Spandouginos, Origins , 224.

Inalcık, Economic , 284.

Dernschwam, Diary , 186.

Bassano, Costumi , chap. 15.

Alberi, Relazioni , 3:101.

Ibid., 3:101.

BOA, D 8030, f. 1b.

Uluçay, Padişahların kadınları , 39.

Alberi, Relazioni , 3:108.

Ibid., 3:108.

Angiolello, Historia , 128.

Ko, Every Step , 85–88.

Withers, Serraglio , 300.

Postel, République , 33.

Bassano, Costumi , chaps. 15, 17.

Necipoğlu, Architecture , 159–162.

Campis, Records , 44.

Necipoğlu, Architecture , 160.

Postel, République , 32.

Kafesçioğlu, Constantinopolis , 214–216.

Sertoğlu, Paşalar , 5.

Sumner-Boyd and Freely, Strolling , 39.

Angiolello, Historia .

BOA, D 8030.

The first years of the 1520s were plague years in which the disease returned in naturally repeating waves (Nükhet Varlık, personal communication, May 26, 2016). See also Hammer, Histoire , 5:20.

Angiolello, Historia , 128.

Barkan, Istanbul , 7ff.