Leslie Peirce - Empress of the East - How a European Slave Girl Became Queen of the Ottoman Empire

Iranian campaign, 260–261

provincial post in Konya, 241

public career, 247–248

question of succession, 297–299

Bayezid I, 43, 117, 198–199

Bayezid II, 45, 85, 86(fig.), 185, 215, 220, 231, 233, 239, 253, 254, 276, 302

Byzantine forum project, 174–175

concubines’ philanthropic works, 87–88

empire building, 10

family and tragedies, 87

hospital construction, 266

overthrow of, 63, 236, 276

Beyhan (Suleyman’s sister), 38, 168, 193, 208, 250, 307

Blue Mosque, 313

Bodin, Jean, 163–164

Boleyn, Anne, 8, 41,171

Bona Sforza, 224–225, 251

Bozdağ, 226, 230–231

Branković, Mara (stepmother of Mehmed II), 199–200

Bursa, 85–87, 196, 198, 230–231, 237–239, 271, 305–306, 310

Busbecq, Ogier Ghiselin de, 118–119, 147, 199, 245–246, 274, 287–288, 298–299, 306–307

Byzantine empire, 10, 14, 18, 71, 124, 133,174, 194, 214, 231, 291, 313

Caesar, Julius, 153

Cairo, 10, 66, 86, 96, 154, 203, 207, 262

caravanserai, 47, 88, 231, 239, 289

Catherine of Aragon, 8

Celalzade Mustafa, 113, 161, 206, 280, 293

charitable foundations, 4, 9, 11. See also philanthropy

Charles V (Holy Roman Emperor), 73, 103, 159–160, 163, 167, 218–219, 224, 292

charter deeds, 178–179, 189–190, 267

children

concubinage traditions of, 6, 44–45

death of Suleyman’s, 53, 60–61

ending reproductive responsibilities, 111–113

importance of multiple children, 61

of Christian captive females, 4–5

royal concubines’ responsibility in bearing, 32–33

Suleyman’s, 35–36, 72

See also Bayezid (son); Cihangir (son); Mehmed (son); Mihrumah (daughter); Mustafa (Suleyman’s son); Roxelana, children of; Selim (son)

Chinggis Khan (Genghis), 17–18, 215

Christianity, 9, 24, 43, 48, 78, 158, 199, 213, 227, 238, 267, 290

Hagia Eirene, 49(fig.), 50, 266

Hagia Sophia, 48–50, 94, 194, 266, 313

Roxelana’s background, 4–5

royal philanthropy and, 185, 289–294

Suleyman’s religious policy, 292

and Roxelana, 192, 229, 292

Cihangir (son), 280–281

birth of, 72, 111, 113

circumcision celebration, 204–205

concerns over Suleyman’s health, 247

death of, 281, 285, 287

domestic arrangements, 210–211

ill health of, 141–142, 267, 276

political responsibilities, 243–244

question of succession, 276, 297

travels through Anatolia, 238

circumcision of the princes, 102–108, 112–113, 204–205

civil war among the princes, 167, 276–278

Cleopatra, 8

clothing, 56(fig.), 56–57, 75, 75(fig.)

Column of Constantine, 47–48

concubines

emancipation of concubine mothers, 119

foreign fascination with the Ottoman court, 40–41

justifying serial concubinage, 60

mental and physical characteristics of, 32–33

origins of, 14–15

philanthropic works, 86–87

physical and intellectual requirements, 6–7

separate apartments for chosen women, 45–46

Suleyman’s household, 36

See also Hafsa (Suleyman’s mother); harem, imperial; Mahidevran (concubine); slaves

Constantine I, 47–48, 174, 290–291

Constantine XI, 48, 200

contraception, 58–59, 111–112

correspondence between Suleyman and Roxelana, 283(fig.)

news from the war front, 282–284

Crimean Khanate, 16–17, 20–21, 25, 34, 65, 107, 219

Cromwell, Thomas, 153

Customs of the Janissaries of the Imperial Household, 240

death

of Hafsa, 113

of Mehmed, 233–237

of Roxelana’s children, 72, 305–306

of Selim I, 93–94

of Suleyman, 309–310

of Suleyman’s children, 53–54, 94, 111, 271–272, 281

of princes, 85–87

Roxelana’s concerns over internal dissent, 275–276

Roxelana’s declining health and, 12, 281–282, 299–300, 302–304, 315

visiting shrines and tombs, 227–229

See also executions

Dernschwam, Hans, 162, 184, 186, 299

dervishes, 47, 144, 152, 187, 194, 215, 228(fig.), 230, 280

See also sufis

diplomacy

Franco-Spanish conflict, 221–222

Gritti’s contribution of service, 158–159

Safavid peace with the Ottomans, 295–296

treaties with Iran and the Hapsburgs, 286–287

with Poland, 253–254

women’s role in, 11, 251–252

Divan Hall, New Palace, 131–133, 190, 255

Divan. See Imperial Council

Diyarbakır, 149–150, 200, 206, 222–223, 250, 259, 274, 285–286

domestic life, Roxelana’s, 10–11, 210–211, 225–226, 307–309

Dulkadir dynasty, 107, 198

dynastic security

educating the princes, 218–219

mothers’ role in, 315–317

multiple children securing, 60–61

See also succession

Ebu Suud, 126–127, 192, 302

education

benefits of Roxelana’s foundation, 173

boys’ seminary at the New Palace, 135

choosing the mothers of princes, 20

Haseki Avrat, 174–175, 190–191

of concubines in the Old Palace, 39, 41

of imperial princes, 84–85, 218–219

of Mustafa, 95

of Roxelana after Mehmed’s birth, 58

of Roxelana’s children, 11, 78, 82–83, 204

of slave women, 31–32

Roxelana’s conversion to Islam, 33

teachers at the Haseki Avrat, 180–181

Egypt, 8, 10, 19, 66–68, 71, 86, 96, 107, 135, 155, 219, 262, 294

England, 38

Anglo-French alliance, 102–103

foreign fascination with the Ottoman court, 40–41

Roxelana’s diplomatic relations with, 251–252

securing the dynasty, 61

women’s diplomacy between the Ottomans and, 296–297

epidemics, 36, 53–54, 82, 90, 209, 233

Ertugrul, 18–19

eunuchs, 28–29, 47, 124–125, 124(fig.), 125, 183, 315

Evliya Çelebi, 22–23, 172

executions

Bayezid (son)

Ferhad

Ibrahim, 150–154, 160–163

Iskender, 160–161

Kara Ahmed, 294–295

Mustafa, 271–279

expansion of the Ottoman Empire, 10–11, 145, 163–164

family planning, 111–112

Fatima (daughter of Prophet Muhammad), 113, 293

Fatma (Selim I’s daughter), 207–208

Ferdinand (archduke), 73, 101, 162–164, 184, 205, 218, 222–224, 286–287

Ferhad (Suleyman’s brother-in-law), 38, 71, 168, 193, 208, 250

Festival of the Sacrifice, 139

Field of the Cloth of Gold, 102–103

finances

bathing facilities, 142

charter for the Haseki foundation, 178–181

concubine mothers’ philanthropic roles, 86–87

costs of the Imperial Council home, 131

mapping the princely household, 84

revealing court practices, 88–90

Roxelana’s daily stipend, 77–78, 242

Rustem Pasha’s frugality, 251, 268–269

the vizier’s income, 155–156

fire, 121, 203, 212–213, 258

Forum of the Bull, 174

foundations. See philanthropy

France

conflict on multiple fronts, 221–222

marriage connections to the Ottomans, 14

foreign fascination with the Ottoman court, 40–41

French ambassadors, 14, 129, 140, 210, 221, 261, 300

French-Ottoman alliance, 221

Francis (king of France), 14, 40, 102, 196, 213, 221

fratricide, 7, 64, 304

Genoa, 3–4, 16, 24, 39, 45, 146, 197

Giray Tatars. See Tatars

gout, Suleyman’s, 246, 282, 300

governance

Divan days, 130–131

domestic effect of strong empire building, 304

Egyptian revolt, 71

female monarchs, 315–316

intelligence gathering, 11

in Suleyman’s absence, 117, 138–139

Mustafa’s governorship, 108–109