Madeleine Albright - Fascism - A Warning

Nigeria, 110

Nixon, Richard, 92, 93, 219, 227

North Korea (Democratic People’s Republic of Korea or DPRK), 190–205

alternative revenue streams including cybertheft, 203

anti-Americanism in, 191

belief in ability to destroy the U.S., 202

capital in Pyongyang, 190, 195–96

Cold War ending and, 193

conditions within the state, 204

contrast to Iran, 201

cost of Fascism in, 204–5

diplomatic approaches to, 204

famine in, 194

first nuclear test, 200

international sanctions against, 203

joint U.S.–South Korea military exercises and, 197

“Juche,” or self-reliance, 191, 193

Kim Il-sung and, 190–94

Kim Jong-il and, 192, 194

Kim Jong-un and, 192, 202

lies told to people of, 190–91, 192

loss of foreign assistance, 193

military deterrent developed by, 202

missile testing in, 194–95, 199, 202

nuclear weapons and, 119, 193–94, 202, 218

Obama on, 202

political prisoners in, 205

repression in, 191, 205

Russia and, 190

selling technology to Syria and Iran, 197

social media to shape opinion, 114

totalitarianism in, 191, 201–2

Trump and, 202–3

U.S. and Agreed Framework, 194

U.S. diplomacy and Albright visit to Pyongyang, 193–99

U.S. relations with under Bush, 200

withdrawal from the Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty, 193

Nuremberg trials, 105

Obama, Barack, 6, 8, 221, 234, 247–48

Open Society, 173

Orbán, Viktor, 169–74, 243, 246

anti-immigrant policy, 184–85, 187

character and personality, 173

demagoguery of, 185

Hungarian unity and, 172

illiberal democracy of, 172–74, 176

models of governance, 172

nationalism and, 171, 173

Soros and, 173, 174

“Soros Plan” questionnaire, 184

Ortega, Daniel, 244

Orwell, George, 51, 209

Pakistan, 93

Panama, 123

Paraguay, 93

Paris Climate Agreement, 220

Paris Peace Conference, 19, 87–88, 172

Parker, Dorothy, 17n

Paxton, Robert, 11, 182

Pelley, William, 61

People Power movement (Philippines), 110

Pérez, Carlos Andrés, 125

Perón, Eva, 122–23

Perón, Juan, 122–23, 126

Perot, Ross, 227

Peru, 123–24, 228

Petacci, Claretta, 76

Philippines, 4, 93, 110, 248

Duterte as president, 5, 209–10

Marcos and, 110, 168

undemocratic practices in, 119

use of social media, 114

Picasso, Pablo, 52

Pinochet, Augusto, 110

Poland, 3, 13, 84, 174, 248

Communism and, 175, 176

Community of Democracies conference, 106–7

democracy imperiled in, 119, 174, 176

democratic values in, 176–77

economic growth in, 177

EU and, 176

Germany and USSR invade, 70

Hungary’s relationship with, 174, 176

John Paul II and, 3

Kaczyński and, 174–77

Law and Justice Party (PiS), 174, 175, 176, 177

media/journalism and, 176, 213

nationalism and, 175, 176, 177–78

political division in, 177

pro-democracy movement, 174–75

as Soviet satellite, 84

Wałęsa and, 170

World War II and, 47, 58, 70

Polk, James, 227

populism, 121, 226–29

diverse characteristics of, 228

Fascism and, 225–26, 229

in the U.S., 226–28, 226n

Portugal, 93

Potemkin. Grigory, 162

Punch cartoon, “the curate’s egg,” 108

Putin, Vladimir, 80, 155–69, 243, 246, 248

accumulating power, 159–60, 162–64

accusing opponents of treason, 163

Albright and, 158–59, 167

answer to election meddling charges, 164

background and family, 155–56

character and personality, 160–61

claim the media lies, 5

Cold War and worldview of, 156–57

collapse of the Soviet Union and, 156

Crimea and, 165–66, 218

distrust of the U.S., 161

economy and, 160, 168

in the KGB, 156, 164

nationalism and, 165

Orbán’s admiration of, 172

policies of, 161–63

as public speaker, 160

spectacle and showmanship, 160–61

Stalin’s totalitarianism and, 162–63

Trump and, 211

Ukraine and Crimea, 165–66

values of, 155

“vertical state” of, 163

vision of, 167

weak ties with the West, 167

Raspberry, William, 236

Reagan, Ronald, 92, 123, 209, 214, 227

Resistible Rise of Arturo Ui, The (Brecht), 225–26

Reston, James, 236

Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), 105, 243

Röhm, Ernst, 33, 39

Roma, 80

Roman (Fascist) salute, 23, 23n, 27

Romania, 13, 84, 179, 228

Legion of the Archangel Michael, 59

Roosevelt, Eleanor, 51

Roosevelt, Franklin, 6, 51, 77, 95, 209, 216, 226, 227

Roosevelt, Theodore, 227

Russia (former Soviet Union)

as autocracy, 119

Chechnya, Central Asia, and, 159

corruption in, 163, 168

Crimea and, 165–66, 218

cyberhacking by, 164, 166

democracy and free enterprise, 157, 168

economic crisis, 1990s, 157–58, 160

election meddling by, 164–65, 166

hyper-nationalist entities helped by, 183

media/journalism and, 162, 213

a “post-West world order” in, 167

Putin and, 155–69, 248

religion in, 160

South Korea and, 193

state-run corporations and banks in, 163

in Syria, 166

terrorism in, 159

Turkey and, 152

Ukraine and Crimea, 165–66

use of social media, 114

U.S. relations with, 166–67

U.S. sanctions, 220

See also Putin, Vladimir; Soviet Union

Ruzzini, Giovanni, 22

Rwanda, 97, 244

satyagraha , 2

Saudi Arabia, 93

Schenk, Claus Philipp, 73

Schorr, Daniel, 52n

Serbia, 69, 97–99

Kosovo crisis, 101–5

Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA), 102, 103

massacre in Račak, 101, 102

NATO air strikes, 100, 101, 104

Sezer, Ahmet Necdet, 143

Silva, Katherine, 2

Sisi, Abdel Fattah el-, 210

Slovakia, 179

social media

“Big Brother” angle, 10

fake news on, 10, 114, 115, 164

foreign countries as opinion-shapers on, 114

need for regulation, 115

as news source, 236–37

political activism and, 146–47

responsibility of platforms and, 115

Russian abuse of, 164

Somalia, 97, 213

Soros, George, 173, 184

South Africa, 105, 110

Mandela as president, 251–52

South Korea (Republic of Korea or ROK), 4, 190, 228

capital in Seoul, 190

dictatorship in, 93

threat from North Korea, 202

U.S. intervention for Kim Dae-jung, 214

U.S. troops in, 197

Soviet Union (USSR)

Berlin crisis, 52, 52n

Bolshevik Revolution and, 19

Bolsheviks in, 18, 20, 51, 55, 82

Cold War and, 92

collapse of, 3, 4, 93, 97, 105, 116, 156

dictatorship of, 82

famine in, 81

Fascist actions in, 88–89

filmmakers in, 81–82

Hungarian uprising, 169

invasion of Poland, 70

Kissinger and, 219

North Korea and, 190

population’s dependency on the state, 157

propaganda and, 81

purges and executions in, 81, 88–89

satellites of, 3, 84

Spanish Civil War and, 50, 52

totalitarianism in, 3

World War II and, 49, 69–72

See also Russia; Stalin, Joseph

Spain

Civil War, 47, 49–52

Falange party, 59

Franco and Hitler, 49, 52–53, 69

Franco as dictator of, 49–53, 59, 93

Franco’s slogan, 52

German bombing of Guernica, 52

Great Depression and, 49

international brigades in, 50

religious schism in, 51

Russian troops and tanks in, 50, 52

Socialist Party in, 49, 51, 52